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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. What is Matter?. Anything that has mass and volume All of these things fall into 2 categories. Pure Substance Type #1 Elements. Elements Continued. Elements on the Periodic Table. All elements are displayed on the periodic table.

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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

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  1. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

  2. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and volumeAll of these things fall into 2 categories

  3. Pure Substance Type #1Elements

  4. Elements Continued

  5. Elements on the Periodic Table • All elements are displayed on the periodic table. • Each element is assigned a number and a symbol.

  6. Categories of Elements • There are 3 categories of elements: • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids Now, using p. 92 and 93 in your text book create a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts these three categories. Make sure to include examples of each!

  7. Metals • Shiny • Conduct heat and electric current • Ductile • Malleable • High melting point • Corrosive (will rust)

  8. Nonmetals • Generally dull (no luster) • Do NOT conduct heat or electricity • Brittle or break easily • Not ductile or malleable • Lower density and melting points than metal

  9. Metalloids • Solids • Shiny or dull • Conduct heat and electric current better that nonmetals…but not as well as metals • Can be ductile and malleable **share some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals** O

  10. Pure Substance #2Compounds

  11. More on Compounds • Compounds are written in shorthand with Formulas • Molecules represent some compounds • A formula gives you the elements present in the proper ratio • Water - H2O has two Hydrogen atoms for every one Oxygen atom

  12. Symbols and Formulas • Each compound has its own formula: • Aspirin • C9H8O4 • Sugar • C12H22O11 • Trinitrotoluene or TNT • C7H5(NO2)3

  13. What makes the compounds? • NaHCO3 • C2H4O2 • Mg(OH)2 • 3H3PO4 • 2H2SO4 • (NH4)3PO4 • C6H12O6 • 4CaCO3

  14. Chemical Change… • Chemical Reactions are shown using Chemical Equations reactantsyield product 2H2 + O2 2H2O Coefficient Subscript

  15. Name the Parts Chemical Reaction for Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy)  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  16. Chemical Reactions • When a chemical reaction occurs the atoms move around to form new substances. • The same amount of atoms are present before AND after the reaction, they just may be joined with a new kind of atom. • 2H2 + O2 2H2O • CH4+2O2  CO2 +  2H2O 

  17. H2 + Cl2 2HCl

  18. What is a Mixture? • A combination of elements and/or compounds that are NOT chemically combined. • When these substances are mixed together they do not react with each other chemically. • Each part of a mixture retains its original properties.

  19. Examples: • Think PIZZA! • Each topping on the pizza retains its original properties, they are just all mixed together on top of the pizza • Or Lemonade… • The lemonade powder is still there it has just been dissolved into smaller pieces within the water – both the powder and water retain their original properties.

  20. Mixtures vs. Compounds

  21. Types of Mixtures

  22. Special Types of Mixtures • Suspensions: particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas but are large enough to settle out. (Can be separated through a filter) • Colloids: particles are dispersed through out but are not heavy enough to settle out. • ex. Milk, Mayonnaise or Jell-o • Solutions: this is a mixture that appears to be a single substance. (all particles are distributed evenly among each other)

  23. Solutions • a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances • have two parts: • Solvent: the substance that is present in greater amount • Solute: the substance that is present in smaller amount • When Solute enters the solvent, it dissolves, spreading out evenly in the solvent • Solvents and solutes can be solids, liquids or gases

  24. Examples of Solutions

  25. Solutions and Concentrations • Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent • Described as “dilute” or “concentrated” • The concentration of a substance can be found: Concentration = Solute (g) / Solvent (ml)

  26. Is it an…Element, Compound or Mixture? • HCl (Hydrogen Chloride) • Salad Dressing • CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) • Na (Sodium) • Ocean Water • Ca (Calcium) • H2O ( Pure Water) • Brass • 4CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) • Supreme Pizza • Milk

  27. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? • Kool-Aid • Salad dressing • Ocean water • Trail mix • Toothpaste • Dinner salad

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