Revisiting Primary Sources

1. Revisiting Primary Sources June Preszler TIE

2. Outcomes • Identify various types of primary sources applicable to content areas • Locate (free) primary source materials via the Internet • Consider ways primary sources might enhance classroom content • Select one document, photograph or artifact that could be used within individual content areas

3. Is It Primary? • Primary sources are the "materials on a topic upon which subsequent interpretations or studies are based, anything from firsthand documents such as poems, diaries, court records, and interviews to research results generated by experiments, surveys, ethnographies, and so on.“ • Primary sources are records of events as they are first described, without any interpretation or commentary. They are also sets of data, such as census statistics, which have been tabulated, but not interpreted. • From Hairston, Maxine and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers. 4th ed. New York : HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996, pg. 547.

4. Or Is It Secondary? • Secondary sources, on the other hand, offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources. They often attempt to describe or explain primary sources. Some secondary sources not only analyze primary sources, but use them to argue a contention or to persuade the reader to hold a certain opinion. Examples of secondary sources include: dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books and articles that interpret or review research works. • From Hairston, Maxine and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers. 4th ed. New York : HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996, pg. 547.

5. Original artwork Slave diary Poem Ft. Laramie Treaty Videotape of a theatrical performance Critique of artwork Book about Underground Railroad Treatise on the poetry genre Essay on Native American land rights Biography of the playwright http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/infosrv/lue/primary.html Primary Secondary

6. Which It It? • Mountains of History Video by TIE Media Services • Women Behind the Carving • http://vs.moorecast.com/vmem08/10076/women_behind_the_carving.wmv

7. In the News • 3-minute pause • Identify and reflect on some of the primary source documents that have made headlines in the last two weeks

8. Why Use Primary Sources? • Develop critical thinking skills… Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Detroit Publishing Company Collection. The Close of a Career in New York

9. Why Use Primary Sources? • Understand all history is local • Acquire empathy for the human condition • Consider different points of view http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/cwar:@field(NUMBER+@band(ppmsc+00168)) • Understand the continuum of history http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID+@lit(mcc/024))

10. American Memory from the Library of Congress • http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html • http://lcweb2.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/index.html

11. Authentic History • http://www.authentichistory.com

12. Exploratorium • The Museum of Science, Art and Human Perception • http://www.exploratorium.edu/index.html • http://www.exploratorium.edu/nagasaki/ • http://www.exploratorium.edu/educate/index.html

13. Journey North • http://www.learner.org/jnorth/

14. Kathy Schrock’s Content Area List • http://kathyschrock.net/navigating/

15. Mathematical Possibilities • Eye Spy Math in American Memory http://lcweb4.loc.gov/learn/educators/handouts/EyeSpyFiles/EyeSpyMathFeb05.ppt#1 • CIESE: Real Time Data Projects http://www.k12science.org/curriculum/popgrowthproj/

16. The Music Within Us • http://memory.loc.gov/learn/community/cc_music_kit.php • http://www.authentichistory.com/civilwar.html • http://www.loc.gov/teachers/lyrical/tools/

17. National Archives • http://www.archives.gov/education/ • Central Plains Region: http://www.archives.gov/central-plains/

18. Putting It All Together • Learning Page Professional Development http://lcweb4.loc.gov/learn/educators/index.html • Learning Page Evaluating Primary Sources http://rs6.loc.gov/learn/educators/workshop/primary/index.html • Creating and Using Primary Source Sets http://memory.loc.gov/learn/community/using.pdf • Recreating American Memory Materials for Off-Line Use http://memory.loc.gov/learn/educators/summer_institute/docs/makeit_takeit.doc

19. From EduPlace • http://www.eduplace.com/ss/hmss/primary.html

20. Primary Source Hotlist • http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listdocumentpa.html#cat1

21. Primary Source Pathfinder • http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/primary.html

22. Primary Source Repository • http://www.uidaho.edu/special-collections/Other.Repositories.html

23. University of Berkeley • http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySourcesOnTheWeb.html

24. Using Historical Resources in Math • http://www.math.nmsu.edu/~history/#discrete

25. Using Primary Sources on the Web • http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/History/RUSA/

26. Voyages of Discovery • http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/primary.html

27. What Could You Do? • Consider the various forms of primary sources that we’ve identified and looked at today. • What is one way you could use primary source materials in your classroom before the school year ends?

28. We Want Them to Think • We want our students to question and think, to inquiry and imagine the worlds of yesteryear and possibilities of the future. But what happens when we don’t give our students the opportunity to think, reflect, imagine? • Seinfeld, the high school history teacher, provides a glimpse of a classroom without primary sources and without inquiry in this clip from SNL.