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Primary Sources

Primary Sources. A Study of Original and Authentic Sources in the Secondary Education Classroom By James Beidler And Robert McCarthy. Primary Whats?. Original source A picture, a work of fiction, a leaf, a hand-written document Lacks interpretations

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Primary Sources

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  1. Primary Sources A Study of Original and Authentic Sources in the Secondary Education Classroom By James Beidler And Robert McCarthy

  2. Primary Whats? Original source A picture, a work of fiction, a leaf, a hand-written document Lacks interpretations May contain some bias, but much less than others Not commentary or even a photo of the primary source (http://library.uncw.edu/guides/primary_ secondary_and_tertiary_sources)

  3. Contextually Appropriate Research projects! Experiential learning Interpreting history Cross-curricular connections A novel to actual history Teaching how to think (http://library.mtsu.edu/tps/about.php)

  4. Benefits Validates lesson through real connection Allows students to draw own conclusions Teaches how to seek truth Promotes media literacy Teaches how to think

  5. Modern Skills Media literacy! Research methods for digitized documents How to approach world with less bias Improve understanding for others with different viewpoints

  6. Example 1 Use primary sources to develop a history of a technology that does some kind of physical work or aids in work. Document the thought processes that were used by the inventors (every technology has more than one) using these sources. Explain how the final product was produced using any mathematical formulas or patent literature developed.

  7. The Diesel Engine • The patent application shows compression/temperature curves • Diagrams show a device injecting fuel into a container • US Patent 542846 and US Patent 608845

  8. More Diesel • The Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Engine acts as a primary source to explain Diesel's thought process

  9. Even More Diesel The Theory and Construction states that it is a response to the inefficient steam engine Follow-up patent application shows that the diesel engine was improved to produce more power and become more efficient No equations derived, pressure equations used

  10. Rubric

  11. Student Example

  12. Example 2 -“If there is righteousness in the heart, there will be beauty in the character. If there is beauty in the character, there will be harmony in the home. If there is harmony in the home, there will be order in the nation. If there be order in the nation, there will be peace in the world.” ---Confucius -What is the central thesis of this quote? -Do you agree with what Confucius is saying? Why or why not?

  13. Example 3 -Auschwitz primary source reading and questions. -Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampfprimary source reading and questions. I will have them read the primary source and then we will answer the questions together. Or I will read the primary source with the students and have them answer the questions. I will grade them and return them the following day.

  14. Math Example `Whoever thinks algebra is a trick in obtaining unknowns has thought it in vain. No attention should be paid to the fact that algebra and geometry are different in appearance. Algebras are geometric facts which are proved.'' – Omar Khayyam Have students select an early mathematician credited with developing an original form of mathematics. Using primary sources, the student should reproduce the process of discovery that the mathematician went through. Each student will have a chance to present these processes. The discovery approach (http://isis.nmsu.edu/~history/masterpieces/ masterpieces.html)

  15. Questions? What are some ways that you could use primary sources from an interdisciplinary approach? How will drive home the difference between primary and other sources? How will you address issues of bias in sources? How will you address issues of plagiarism when using any sources? Where might an activity with primary resources best fit in your lesson plan?

  16. Resources General http://www.archives.gov/education/index.html http://library.uncw.edu/guides/primary_secondary_and_tertiary_sources https://tpsfoundations.pbworks.com/w/page/26415575/TPS-Foundations Science and Math http://www3.wooster.edu/library/sciref/Tutor/EvSciInfo/primary.php http://library.mtsu.edu/tps/newsletters.php History and English http://www.youthsource.ab.ca/teacher_resources/ps_lesson1.html http://www.footnote.com/

  17. www.historychannel.com Holocaust Pictures • Spielvogel, J. Jackson, PH.D. World History McGraw Hill/Glencoe. New York, New York. 2008.

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