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Optical Rotatory Dispersion

Presented by, Sujit R. Patel, Dept. Of Pharmaceutics,

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Optical Rotatory Dispersion

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  1. Presented by, Sujit R. Patel, Dept. Of Pharmaceutics, M.M.C.P. ,Belgaum. Optical Rotatory Dispersion

  2. Content:– • Fundamentals Of ORD. • Optical Rotatory Dispersion. • Cotton Effect. • The ORD Curve. • Circular Dichroism. • Octant Rule. M.M.C.P.

  3. INTRODUCTION:- • ORD refers to the change in optical rotation with the change in wavelength of light source. i.e. applied only in optically active compounds. • Optical rotation caused by compound changed with wavelength of light was first noted by Biot in 1817. • ORD curves in recent years are made use in structural determination by comparing the curve obtain from compound believed to have related structures particularly applied to carbonyl compounds. M.M.C.P.

  4. Natural Lightː– • Natural light is having two components electric component and magnetic component, and both are perpendicular to each other in different planes. • Both these electric component and magnetic components are also perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light. M.M.C.P.

  5. UNPOLARISEDLIGHT NATURAL LIGHT POLARISED LIGHT M.M.C.P.

  6. Types of polarized lightː– • Linear or plane polarized light. • Circular polarized light. • Elliptically polarized light. M.M.C.P.

  7. M.M.C.P.

  8. Plane polarized lightː– • A polarized light vibrating in a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation is called plane polarised light. • A light wave is characterized by an electric field vector Ē and a magnetic field vector Ĥ which are perpendicular to each other and in phase. The two vectors are also perpendicular to the direction of propogation. M.M.C.P.

  9. Circularly polarized light:- • When vibration of light are along a circle lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation the light is called circular polarized light. • Represent a wave in which the electrical component & the magnetic component spirals around the direction of propagation (vibration) of the ray, either clockwise (or right handed or dextrorotatory.) OR counterclockwise (or left handed or levorotary). M.M.C.P.

  10. Circularly polarized lightː– • Linearly polarized light can be regarded as the resultant of two equal and opposite beams of circularly polarized light i.e.., as a combination of left and right circularly polarized light. M.M.C.P.

  11. Circularly polarized lightː– M.M.C.P.

  12. Elliptically polarized lightː– • When vibration are along a ellipse lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation the light is called elliptically polarized light M.M.C.P.

  13. ElipticalPolarised Light:- M.M.C.P.

  14. Circular Birefringenceː– • The difference in indices of refraction for right circularly polarized light (RCPL) & left circularly polarized light (LCPL) is know as circular birefringence. M.M.C.P.

  15. In practice we measure the specific rotation [α] • The specific rotation of a chemical compound [α] is defined as the observed angle of optical rotation α when plane-polarized light is passed through a sample with a path length of 1 decimeter and a sample concentration of 1 gram per 1 millilitre • where, α – Angle of Rotation in degrees l –path length is in decimeters d – density of liquid is in g 100 ⁄ ml 1 T–Temperature. M.M.C.P.

  16. A negative value means levorotatoryrotation and a positive value means dextrorotatoryrotation. • Some examples: • Sucrose +66.47° • cholesterol −31.5° • Camphor +44.26° • Penicilin V+223 M.M.C.P.

  17. FARADAY EFFECT :- • Any liquid or solution, when placed in a magnetic field , rotates the plane of polarized light because of the effect of magnetic field upon the motion of electrons in the molecule. • INDEX OF REFRACTION (η) :- The ratio of velocity of ray of light in vacuum (c) to its velocity in medium (v) i.e. η= C/V • Small differences in the refractive indices for right & left circularly polarized light cause an appreciable rotation of the plane polarized light. M.M.C.P.

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