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7th Grade History Review

7th Grade History Review. Glory/Fall of Rome Medieval Islam Medieval West Africa Medieval China Medieval Japan Medieval Europe Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution Mesoamerican Civilization The Enlightenment. Achievements of Rome to Fall of Rome. Aqueducts coins Concrete

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7th Grade History Review

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  1. 7th Grade History Review Glory/Fall of Rome Medieval Islam Medieval West Africa Medieval China Medieval Japan Medieval Europe Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution Mesoamerican Civilization The Enlightenment

  2. Achievements of Rome to Fall of Rome Aqueducts coins Concrete Roads Architecture City Planning Latin Language Military Structure Christianity spread

  3. Fall of Rome • Internal Cause • Vast size and Widespread corruption • Lack of fixed Succession • Under Diocletian, divided into Tetrarchy (rule by 4)-this hurt western half-lacked strong leadership • Other Causes and External Influence • Economical-Heavy taxes; German invasions hurt tax collection. • Inflation-trade or commerce declined and money became worthless. • Agriculture- land could not support civilization. • Social-Civic pride decayed lack of loyalty to Rome; mixed cultures because of barbarian immigration Theodosius-Divides Empire-395

  4. Byzantium renamed by Constantine in A.D. 330-Constantinople;now Istanbul,Turkeybecame center of Byzantine Empire

  5. Rome Fall to Odacer & Ostrogoths in 476 A. D.

  6. Justinian Theodora New Legal System-Justinian Code (4652 Laws) Rebuilt Hagia Sophia Mosaics Regained lost land from Persians Trade Thrives Byzantine Empire 1453 conquered by Seljuk Turks Nika Revolt Byzantine Empire Develops

  7. Confucianism Daoism Buddhism China

  8. Medieval China’s Dynasties

  9. Medieval Japan • Hein Period 794-1185-First Novel-Fujiwara • Kamakura 1192-1333-Rise of the Shoguns and Feudalism • Ashikaga Shogunate 1338-1573 • Azuchi-Momoyama 1573-1603 • Edo (Tokugawa Shogunate) 1603-1868-Isolation Prince Shotoku

  10. Japan • 3000 islands-600 inhabited • 4 Main Islands: Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido • Mountain terrain creates political and natural barriers, and makes it difficult to grow food

  11. Shinto Religion Kabuki Theater Prince Shikoku Tea Ceremony Zen Buddhism Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji-1st novel (ca. 1002) Imperial Court Haiku Samurai Shoguns Fashion Bushido Isolation Murasaki Shikibu Kabuki Theater Tea Ceremony Zen Garden

  12. Daimyo/Shogun/Samurai • The Samurai Warrior follows Bushido=“Way of Warrior” • Sword-symbolic and prized weapon

  13. Medieval Africa

  14. Masks/Dances Griots-Oral Storytelling Arab historians-Ibn Battuta Gold and Salt equal commodities Sundiata-”The Lion King” Mansa Musa Islam spreads Slave trade prevalent Mosques Built Timbuktu Niger and Senegal Rivers Sahel and Sahara Deserts Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

  15. Medieval Islam

  16. Ka’bah Quraysh Oasis Monotheism Muhammad-founder Mecca-birthplace Medina Five Pillars of Islam Pilgrimage to Mecca Qur’an-sacred book Muslims-followers Arabian Peninsula Four Rightly Guided Caliphs Shiites and Sunnis Abbasids and Umayyads

  17. European Feudal Society Charlemagne William the Conqueror The Battle of Hastings-1066 Bayeaux Tapestry THE DOMESDAY BOOK Carolingian Dynasty King of Franks Holy Roman Emperor-800

  18. Medieval Government Magna Carta Habeas Corpus Feudalism-William I Magna Carta-King John Parliament-Edward I Independent Judiciary-Henry II Henry II & Thomas Becket Edward I

  19. Medieval Society: Manors/Towns

  20. Catholic Church Political, Intellectual, and Aesthetic Institution Founding of Universities Religious Orders Patrons of Art & Architecture Preservation of Latin Scribes and Illuminations Monasteries Thomas Aquinas, Theologian – “Natural Law”

  21. The Church’s Power Papacy vs. Monarchy Gregory VII Henry IV “Henry, king not through usurpation but through the holy ordination of God, to Hildebrand, at present not pope but false monk. Such greeting as this hast thou merited through thy disturbances, inasmuch as there is no grade in the church which thou has omitted to make a partaker not of honor but of confusion, not of benediction but of malediction.”

  22. 1095-Pope Urban II calls Pope’s motives-reunite Western and Eastern Christian under his rule; control of European knight who were fighting with each other Knight’s motives-granted land they conquered (only first-born could inherit feudal lands) Peasant’s motives-Promise of immediate salvation; free from bonds of feudal lord; adventure 1096-1099 1st Crusade- (People’s Crusade )Crusader States or outpost kingdoms, established with the capture of Jerusalem, Nicaea, Edessa, Acre 1147-1149 2nd Crusade-(Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Conrad III of Germany)-Turks recapture Edessa 1189-1192 3rd Crusade (Crusade of Kings)- Richard the Lion-heart, Emperor Frederick I of Germany, Philip II of France 1202-1204 4th Crusade- “Sack of Constantinople” The Crusades

  23. The Black Plague

  24. The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and the Reformation Humanism and Printing Press “Rebirth” Humanism Information Spreads Advances in: Literature, Art, Science, Cartography, Anatomy, Engineering, Mathematics Church Reforms and Great Schism Inquisition Reformation Counter-Reformation Copernicus Printing Press

  25. The Northern Renaissance

  26. Italian Renaissance

  27. The ReformationPolitical, Economic, Theological Erasmus Calvin Pope Leo X Luther Questioning Church Authority

  28. The Age of Exploration Bartholomew Dias Prince Henry the Navigator Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Marco Polo Ferdinand Magellan The Conquistadors Hunt for Knowledge Spice Trade in Asia Spread Religion New Ships less Danger Jesuits to China Bullion and Caravel Caravel, Astrolabe, Magnetic Compass

  29. “…governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.” Enlightenment and Age of Reason John Locke (govt. agreement between people and rule-govern fairly Charles-LouisMontesquieu (limited power of Monarch) Jean Jacques Rousseau (contract between govt. and people could be cancelled if not meeting needs) Natural Rights-life, liberty, and protection of Property Principles of Magna Carta embodied in English Bill of Rights and Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson influenced

  30. Mesoamerican and Andean Civilization Mexico, Central America, South America: Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilization Aztecs Incas Mayans

  31. Spanish Conquest of Mesoamerica Cortez conquers Aztecs Reason for Conquests: Disease brought disaster people Took advantage of civil rebellion Spanish weapons-superior Different Beliefs and Cultural Rules increased tensions and agreements Pizarro conquers Incas

  32. Mayas Incas Aztecs Vertical Economy, Terrace Farming Developed the Quechua language; no real writing system Developed a method of counting and keeping records using knots in strings-census and taxes Produced beautiful art-weaving and metal works Builders using stone and mortar; network of roads Pizarro invaded during a time of civil war and took Atahuallpa, the ruler, prisoner and killed him; Spanish took over empire Built highly developed civilization of farming-corn, squash, and cotton Noble class rule Two calendars and time calculation;1-solar calendar with 365 days Math system included zero Knowledge of astronomy Complex Writing system of symbols, or glyphs 200-ft high pyramids and elaborate temples; carved jade and pottery Chinampas,”Floating Gardens”-allowed swampy ground to be farmed; irrigation channels Calpullis-Settlements Built Tenochtitlan Class Structure: nobles (hereditary) , commoners, serfs( 1/3 pop.), and slaves (war captives, criminals) Temples, Pyramids, & Codices: historical accounts Beliefs: Fighting gods: Huitzilopochtli-sun/war god; Tlaloc-god of rain; Tezcatlipoca-fate god

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