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IP Transmission Technologies

IP Transmission Technologies. email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio. Hourglass of TCP/IP Protocols. Transmission Technologies. Ethernet (10Mbps – 1Gbps) Copper Fiber Wireless Leased Line (64Kbps – 2Mbps)

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IP Transmission Technologies

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  1. IP Transmission Technologies

  2. email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio... Hourglass of TCP/IP Protocols

  3. Transmission Technologies • Ethernet (10Mbps – 1Gbps) • Copper • Fiber • Wireless • Leased Line (64Kbps – 2Mbps) • Frame Relay (64Kbps – 2Mbps) • Packet Over Sonet (155Mbps – 2.4Gbps) • ATM (155Mbps – 2.4Gbps) • Access: DSL, CATV, ISDN, GPRS, Dial-up

  4. Routers, Swicthes, VLANs

  5. VLAN Standard: IEEE 802.1q CFI-Canonical Format Identifier (Ethernet/TokenRing)

  6. Some Switches Support Priorities

  7. E0: 0260.8c01.1111 E0: 0260.8c01.2222 E1: 0260.8c01.3333 E1: 0260.8c01.4444 0260.8c01.1111 0260.8c01.3333 E0 E1 0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444 Switching Tables

  8. X Y Segment 1 Broadcast Segment 2 Spanning Tree Protocol

  9. Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber

  10. Wave Division Multiplexing DWDM 1528 to 1560 nm: erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) EDFA every 60km, regeneration every 500km

  11. Input Coupler Isolator 1480 or 980 nm Pump Laser Output Erbium Doped Fiber Erbium doped fiber amplifiers • A pump laser injects a high intensity pulse of light exciting the erbium and causing the erbium atoms to release their stored energy. • The EDFA amplifies all the wavelengths to the same level (gain flatness). • DWDM 1528 to 1560 nm: EDFA every 60km, regeneration every 500km

  12. Link Control Protocol (LCP) Code Identifier Length Data PPP Flag Address Control Protocol LCP FCS Flag Cisco HDLC Flag Address Control Proprietary Data FCS Flag S S S S S DCE DTE S DTE DCE Leased Line V.35 V.35

  13. Selecting a PPP Authentication Protocol PAP 2-Way Handshake Remote Router (SantaCruz) Central-Site Router (HQ) "santacruz, boardwalk" Accept/Reject • Passwords sent in cleartext • Peer in control of attempts username santacruz password boardwalk Hostname: santacruz Password: boardwalk

  14. Selecting a PPP Authentication Protocol CHAP 3-Way Handshake Remote Router (SantaCruz) Central-Site Router (HQ) Challenge Response Accept/Reject • Use “secret” known only to authenticator and peer username santacruz password boardwalk Hostname: santacruz Password: boardwalk

  15. RTR2 RTR3 Frame Relay s0.1-DLCI=110 s0.2-DLCI=110 s0.3-DLCI=130 RTR1 s0.3-DLCI=120 s0.2-DLCI=130 s0.1-DLCI=120

  16. SONET ES SDH ES SONET/SDH OS Link Rate Mbps OC-1 STS-1 51.84 OC-3 STS-3 STM-1 155.52 OC-9 STS-9 STM-3 466.56 OC-12 STS-12 STM-4 622.08 OC-18 STS-18 STM-6 933.12 OC-24 STS-24 STM-8 1244.16 OC-36 STS-36 STM-12 1866.24 OC-48 STS-48 STM-16 2488.32 Packet Over Sonet (POS)

  17. ATM

  18. ATM AAL5

  19. MPLS VPNs Layer 2 VPNs & AToM (Any Transport over MPLS) Layer 3 VPNs = BGP/MPLS VPNs (RFC 2547 bis)

  20. Ethernet over MPLS Point to Point, Metro Ethernet Service ISP C MPLS Network ISP A Enterprise LAN ISP B PE PE ISP 2 PE PE ISP 1 PE PE Enterprise LAN ISP 3 Distributed NAP Based on draft-martini VCs to VLANs => VCid maps to VLAN id

  21. Ethernet 802.1q VLAN Transport Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.2 encapsulation dot1q 41 mpls l2transport route 1.0.0.8 312 <sequencing> ! Interface GigabitEthernet1/0.2 encapsulation dot1q 56 mpls l2transport route 1.0.0.8 313 <sequencing> VLAN 56 MPLS Customer Site PE1 1.0.0.8 PE1 1.0.0.4 VLAN 41 VLAN 41 VLAN 56 Customer Site Customer Site Customer Site 802.1q to 802.1q VLAN Transport

  22. AToM - MTU Considerations Ingress PE checks Egress PE outbound interface MTU AND egress interface into MPLS backbone Customer Site Customer Site Egress MTU Signalled using LDP PE1 PE2 PDU NO mechanism to check backbone MTU Incoming PDU dropped if MTU exceeded Provider MUST dictate MTU or direct traffic away from low MTU links

  23. Strategy for MPLS VPNs MPLS VPNs for Single Networks MPLS VPNs for Multiple Networks MPLS VPNs for Multiple Transport Types Layer 2 VPNs –Using AToM Optical VPNs • ATM (AAL5) over MPLS • Ethernet over MPLS • Frame Relay over MPLS • PPP over MPLS • HDLC over MPLS • Cell Relay over MPLS • Carrier Supporting Carrier • Inter AS • VPN ID Cisco’s MPLS VPNs L3 (rfc2547) Time

  24. Network Address Translation (NAT)

  25. Inside Outside station A station B Interface E0 IP :171.69.20.1 Interface E1 IP :10.1.1.1 IP :171.69.2.1 IP :10.2.2.1 Internet NAT router IP :10.3.3.1 station D NAT Pool 171.69.89.1 NAT Table IP :171.69.3.1 Inside source Address : port Outside source Address : port Outside Destination Address : port protocol TCP station C 10.2.2.1:1024 171.69.89.1:1024 171.69.2.1:23 TCP 103.3.1:1723 171.69.89.1:1723 171.69.3.1:23 NAT

  26. DHCP • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • Based on old BootP protocol for diskless workstations • DHCP server on Router or Network Server ip dhcp pool soho network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 default-router 10.0.0.1 dns-server 195.13.160.52 195.122.1.59

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