Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic

1. Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic 1800-1812

2. Federalist and Republican Mudslingers • Why were the Federalists “heavily handicapped”? • Why did the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party split with President Adams? • How did not going to war with France affect the Federalist party? • How did the Federalists attack Jefferson? • How did Jefferson’s religious beliefs affect him politically? • The Jeffersonian “Revolution of 1800” • Who won the election of 1800 and what role did Aaron Burr play? • How did the 3/5 compromise affect the election of 1800? • How did the “lame duck” Federalist Congress affect the presidency of 1800? • Who was the last Federalist president? • Jefferson considered the election of 1800 a “revolution.” Was this actually the case? • What did Jefferson believe his election meant? • Describe the transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans.

3. Responsibility Breeds Moderation • Where was Jefferson’s inauguration and how did it differ from his predecessors? • Jefferson stated, “We are all republicans, We are all Federalists.” Why was this important? • Describe the rule of pell-mell and how does this relate to the atmosphere of Washington DC? • Jefferson was considered unconventional, why? • Jefferson was considered inconsistent, why? • The Federalists believed that Jefferson would “grab the spoils of office.” What actually happened? • What held the Democratic-Republicans together, as a party? • Jeffersonian Restraint • How did Jefferson deal with the Alien and Sedition Acts? • Describe the Naturalization law of 1802 and its significance. • What change was made to Hamilton’s economic system and why? • Who was Albert Gallatin and what were his thoughts on the national debt? • How did the Federalist “embrace” the Hamiltonian system? • How did Jefferson’s “restraint” impact the two-party system?

4. The “Dead Clutch” of the Judiciary • Describe the Judiciary Act of 1801. • How did the Democratic Republicans view the Judiciary Act? • Who was John Marshall and why is he significant? • How did serving in the military affect Marshall’s views on government? • Who was William Marbury and why did he want to sue the secretary of state? • How did Marshall respond to Marbury’s lawsuit? • Marshall claimed that the part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. Why was this significant? • Jefferson believed that ____________ should have the right to rule something unconstitutional. • Describe the concept of Judicial Review and its significance. • How did the Democratic Republicans respond to Marshall’s Marbury decision? • What role has impeachment played in shaping the Supreme Court? • Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior • How did Jefferson initially deal with the military? • Why didn’t Jefferson want a large military? • What is “peaceful coercion”? • How did pirates in the North African Barbary States affect Jefferson’s thoughts on the military? • How and why did the pasha of Tripoli informally declare war the United States? • After four years of fighting in Tripoli, what happened? • What was “the mosquito fleet”? • How could the small boats be more of a menace to their crew?

5. The Louisiana Godsend • The Spaniards withdrew the right of deposit guaranteed to Americans. Why was this significant? • If France gained control of the tran-Mississippi region, what could have happened? • Jefferson sent James Madison to France for negotiations. What was Madison supposed to do when he got to France? • Why did Napoleon decide to sell Louisiana? • How much did Livingston pay for Louisiana? • Why was Jefferson surprised by the Louisiana Purchase? • Why was Jefferson torn over the purchase? • How did the senators and the public feel about the Louisiana Purchase? • Louisiana in the Long View • Why was Jefferson’s bargain with Napoleon “epochal”? • What was the “valley of democracy”? • How did the Louisiana Purchase set precedents for future expansion? • How were the people of Louisiana affected by the purchase? • How does the Louisiana purchase relate to isolationism? • Who were Lewis and Clark? • Describe Lewis and Clark’s journey. • Who was Zebulon M. Pike and why was he important?

6. The Aaron Burr Conspiracies • What fears were raised out of the Louisiana Purchase? • How did Aaron Burr provoke those fears? • How did Hamilton end up in a duel with Burr? • What was the outcome of the duel? • Who was General James Wilkinson and why was he important? • Describe Burr and Wilkinson’s scheme. • Burr was tried for treason. What was the outcome of the trial? • A Precarious Neutrality • Who won the election of 1804? • What happened in Europe after the election? • Britain had a superior _________ as demonstrated in the Battle of Tragalgar and France had a superior _________ as demonstrated in the Battle of Austerlitz. • What were the Orders in Council? • How did France respond to the Orders in Council? • Describe impressment and why it made Americans angry. • What happened with the Chesapeake? • How did Britain respond to the Chesapeake incident?

7. The Hated Embargo • Why didn’t America go to war? • Jefferson thought that France and Britain needed American goods. What did he decide to do with this fact? • Describe the Embargo Act of 1807 and its significance. • What would happen if the embargo was successful? • What would happen if the embargo failed? • How did the American economy fair under the embargo? • What role did Canada play in the embargo? • Why did some people compare Jefferson to King George III? • How did the embargo affect the Federalist party? • Describe the Non-Intercourse Act and its significance. • Why did the embargo collapse? • How was a “leaky embargo more costly than none at all”? • How was New England affected by the embargo?

8. Madison’s Gamble • Jefferson left the presidency after two terms, who did he favor as his successor? • Who won the presidential election of 1808? • What problems would Madison have to overcome to be a successful president? • Describe Macon’s Bill No. 2 and its significance. • How did Madison feel about Macon’s Bill No. 2? • How did Napoleon respond to Macon’s Bill No. 2? • Why didn’t London feel the need to bargain with America? • Madison reestablished the embargo against Britain but why was he upset by this? • Tecumseh and the Prophet • The Twelfth Congress was different from previous congresses. How so? • How did the war hawks feel about Britain? • How did the war hawks feel about the Native Americans in the trans-Allegheny wilderness? • Who were Tecumseh and the Prophet and why were they significant? • Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe. • Who did Tecumseh fight with in the War of 1812?

9. Mr. Madison’s War • Why did Madison believe war was inevitable? • Why were the war hawks interested in Canada? • Where were the Southern expansionists looking and why? • Why did Madison turn to war? • The war could be considered a test of ___________. • Congress voted to declare war. What did this vote look like? • Who supported the war and who was against the war? • Why did New England oppose the war? • What did New Englanders do that could be considered treasonous? • Who did America fight in the war of 1812?