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Discover parallels between clinical disorders in veterinary and human medicine through a case study on irradiated food-induced leukomyelopathy in cats. Investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on food and its implications. Learn about the clinical cases and experimental research findings. Find out if these findings extend to other species.
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Case 2010-9 • WELCOME • TO A • PARALLEL UNIVERSE: • VETERINARY MEDICINE
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND MEDICINE • Some things in common, some things different • CLINICAL DISORDERSVETERINARY JOURNALS • Muscular dystrophy Veterinary Pathology • Rheumatoid arthritis Journal of Comparative Pathology • Motor neuron disease Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound • Cardiomyopathy Veterinary Dermatology • Glaucoma Veterinary Ophthalmology • Pemphigus Equine Veterinary Journal • Polymyositis Feline Medicine and Surgery • Diabetes mellitus Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
Case 2010-9 • CASE SUMMARY • domestic cats (most female) on a study • 42/45 developed signs of spinal cord disease • (not an investigation of neurologic disease) • severity of signs varied • post mortem examinations: • Institution A • Cornell • Material submitted: 1. H&E section of the spinal cord
TWO QUESTIONS 1. Morphologic diagnosis 2. Etiology
TWO QUESTIONS • Morphologic diagnosis – spinal cord leukomyelopathy • The etiology involves irradiation – what was irradiated?
TWO QUESTIONS • Morphologic diagnosis – spinal cord leukomyelopathy • The etiology involves irradiation – what was irradiated? • The food. • This feline leukomyelopathy is caused by the consumption of • dry food that has been irradiated.
LEUKOMYELOPATHY (LM) IN CATS • Year seen or Where Number of • published clinical cases • …………………………………………………………………………. • 1996 USA (Cornell) 42 (F) • 2007 UK/Ireland 190 (M&F) • 2009 USA (Wisconsin) ? (F) • 2009 Australia 87 (M&F) • ………………………………………………………………………….. • SUMMARY • Male and female cats • 3 mo to 15 yr of age • Most domestic breed; few Siamese, Burmese, etc • (apparently not a common ancestry)
WHY IRRADIATE FOOD? • To prevent contamination of a specific-pathogen-free environment. • To reduce microbiological contamination and so prevent spoilage • and increase shelf life. • WHAT DOES IRRADIATION DO? • Gamma irradiation results (among other effects) in the production of • ions and free radicals which can kill or damage pathogenic organisms • in food. • This reduces the use of fungicides, other chemicals, etc.
GAMMA IRRADIATION OF FOOD • Cat • Routine: (one lab) 36.3-47.3 kGy • Experimental LM: low dose 25.7-38.1 kGy • high dose 38.1-53.6 kGy • Man [40 years] • Routine: 1-10 kGy • Some foods (eg dried herbs, spices) to 30kGy • (Child et al. 2009)
“INCUBATION PERIOD OF LM”First ingestion to onset of neurologic disease • Spontaneous cases: about 4 months • 2.5 – 6 months • Experimental cases: 140 – 174 days (~4.5 – 6mo)
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 235:355, 2009.
FINAL QUESTION • Are there implications • for other species?