ExpressCard 201 – PCMCIA’s Latest Hot-Plug Technology

1. ExpressCard 201 – PCMCIA’s Latest Hot-Plug Technology Ken Stufflebeam President, PCMCIA Technical Evangelist Microsoft Corporation

2. Session Outline • ExpressCard Background • Rational For Change • Opportunities • Electrical Specification • Buses Implemented • ExpressCard Power Switch • Mechanical Specification • Form Factors Discussion • Security Features • System Implementation • Summary ExpressCard, PCI Express and USB are trademarks of PCMCIA, PCI-SIG and USB-IF

3. Session Goals • Attendees should leave this session with the following: • A better understanding of new directions for PCMCIA’s modular technology • A basic understanding of ExpressCard implementation requirements • Fundamental concepts for implementing ExpressCard under Microsoft’s Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems • Knowledge of where to find resources for implementing ExpressCard

4. ExpressCard – The New Modular Standard From PCMCIA • ExpressCard Specification developed and co-owned by PCMCIA and JEITA • ExpressCard supplants CardBus and PC Card modular technologies • No further development being considered for CardBus or PC Card • ExpressCard form factor driven by: • Industry’s continued emphasis on mobility • Increasing performance demands • System bus directions • ExpressCard interface provide scalable performance to meet application demands and price points • Interfaces are ubiquitous industry standard implementations • Interfaces remain under the purview of their parent owning bodies • Power management requirements and implementation remain true to parent specification

5. ExpressCard Markets Small Form Factor Desktop PCs Appliance-like PCs eHome PCs Set-top boxes Traditional Mobile PCs

6. ExpressCard Technologies Wireless and wired communications Rotating and solid-state storage media Legacy I/O port connectivity Traditional security ID and biometric devices Adapters Scalable performance interfaces enable new technologies Smaller form factor enables integration into more devices Reduced power demands increase mobility options ExpressCard – Right For The Times

7. ExpressCard Interface • ExpressCard interface comprised of: • PCI Express • High performance • Next generation compliant connector • Migration path for CardBus technologies • USB 2.0 • Scalable performance points • Low-, Full-, High-speed support required in host slot • Migration path for PC Card technologies • Low cost data path • SMBus • System management and control bus standard • Spread Spectrum Clock for EMI abatement • As defined in PCI Express Base Specification

8. ExpressCard System Interconnect

9. ExpressCard Buses • PCI Express • One lane • Dual-simplex 2.5Gbs differential serial • 8b/10b encoding • Standardized by PCI Special Interest Group • USB • One port • Full-duplex 480Mbps differential serial • NRZI encoding • Standardized by USB Implementers Forum • SMBus • Supports special sideband system management features • Optional for both system and module

10. ExpressCard Sideband Signals • PCI Express specific • WAKE • Brings system out of stand-by in order to process in-band power management event • It is NOT PME# • Enables lowest system power state and support wake-up events • REFCLK • Spread Spectrum clock for EMI abatement • Required to be supported by system and module • Dynamic reference clock control (CLKREQ#) supported but not required • CPPE# • PCI Express function present • USB specific • CPUSB# • USB function present

11. ExpressCard Power Switch • Controls supply voltages to slot • Provides reset function • On insertion event • On power-up • On resume • Does not support wake events in system states other than S0 • Enables 3.3Vaux when system is not in S0 state • Ensures cold socket on insertion • Passes system reset to slot as appropriate

12. ExpressCard Power Requirements • 3.3V – primary supply voltage • 1000ma normal operating conditions limit • 3.3Vaux – wake event support supply voltage • 250ma normal operating conditions limit • 275ma when in device state D3 and wake event enabled • Note that this is the supply for either a PCI Express function or a USB function • 5ma limit when in device state D3 and wake event is not enabled • 0ma limit if wake events are not supported • Only available when CPPE# and / or CPUSB# are true • 1.5V – secondary supply voltage • 500ma normal operating conditions limit • Intended as “core” operating voltage • Not available when system is in other than S0 state • Wake logic must operate from 3.3Vaux supply

13. ExpressCard Power Management • Supports native power management • ACPI • PCI Express • ASPM (Active State Power Management) • L0 and L3 support required • Active State L0s and Active State L1 support are required and enabled by default • PCI Bus Power Management • CLKREQ# enables active reference clock control • USB power management • Bus suspend support required • Wake events • PCI Express in-band PME message • WAKE# support for system transition to S0 prior to PME messaging • USB bus signaling • USB function can not implement PCI Express WAKE# function

14. ExpressCard Interface Utilization Rules • System must implement one PCI Express lane for each slot • System must implement one low-, full- and high-speed USB port for each slot • System must define relationship between PCI Express lane and USB port for each slot • Accomplished through an ACPI eject dependency table entry • Module may implement PCI Express interface option • Module may implement USB interface option • Module may implement both interfaces PCI Entry Points to USB dependency PCI Entry USB Entry USB Entry Points to PCI dependency

15. ExpressCard Interface Utilization Rules • Modules that implement both interfaces must implement the serial number declaration that defines this relationship • PCI Express function must implement GUID serial number • USB function must implement serial number feature • USB serial number string must be: PCI Express function’s Vendor ID number + PCI Express function’s Device ID number + PCI Express function’s GUID number instantiated into USB Unicode Example: PCI Express Vendor ID number: 8486h PCI Express Device ID number: 1023h PCI Express serial number: 9D66CCEACC7998E3h The USB serial number space would contain the value 8486 + 1023 + 9D66CCEACC7998E3 in Unicode 0038 0034 0038 0036 0031 0030 0032 0033 0039 0044 0036 0036 0043 0043 0045 0041 0036 0036 0037 0039 0039 0038 0045 0033

16. ExpressCard Mechanical Specification

17. ExpressCard Form Factors Two basic form factors • Basic 34mm x 75mm • Expected to meet requirements of the majority of single function module applications • Favorite implementation for thin and lite / ultra-mobility applications • Larger volume 54mm x 75mm • Enables earlier technology migration to mobile applications before silicon shrink • Enables higher thermal dissipation • Enables rotating media • Enables legacy card adapters

18. ExpressCard|34 ExpressCard Standard Form Factors – 34mm security notch 34 mm top finger grip 75 mm 5 mm thick connector alignment feature bottom

19. ExpressCard|54 ExpressCard Standard Form Factors – 54mm 34 mm 54 mm top 75 mm 5 mm thick 53 mm

20. Building A Slot Combo slot for both cards Top Cover Host Connector Left Guide Rail Right Guide Rail PCB Insulator Host/Daughter Card Slot for 34mm card only Top Cover Host Connector Left Guide Rail Right Guide Rail Host/Daughter Card

21. PCI Express Cable USB Cable Power from system PSU ExpressCard Adapter Concepts Tray Adapter Integrated Mezzanine Adapter System Bus Add-In Adapter

22. ExpressCard Form Factor Versus CardBus Form Factor 55% of the volume of a CardBus Type II card

23. ExpressCard Extended Form Factors

24. ExpressCard|34 ExpressCard|54 ExpressCard Thermal Power Limits 1.3 Watts 2.1 Watts

25. host connector card system board ExpressCard Connector Sub-System • Beam-on-blade, single in-line configuration • Low-cost yet reliable and durable • 5K / 10K cycle rating for card connectors • 5K cycle rating for host connectors

26. Legacy Operating SystemsImplementation Guidelines

27. That starts the OS PCI enumerator… 6 ExpressCard|34 Up-stream port detects Insertion Event… 5 PCI Express Port An SCI occurs… 3 4 That ACPI fields and directs to the Insertion event handler… Hot-Plug Event Detector Up-stream Port Logic 2 That enumerates the card… 7 An ExpressCard is inserted… ExpressCard Under Windows 2000 And Windows XP PCI Enumerator GPIO g SCI Insertion Event ACPI BIOS has enabled the port logic to generate an SCI through a GPIO register bit… 1

28. Support Specifications

29. Call To Action • System vendors – • Prepare your roadmap now for ExpressCard implementations • Choose your chipsets • Test your ACPI solutions • Prepare for Windows operating system codename “Longhorn” • Join PCMCIA and participate! • Module vendors • CardBus and PC Cards – choose your migration path • New technologies – PCI Express, USB or both? • Join PCMCIA and participate!

30. ExpressCard Resources The following PCMCIA ExpressCard specifications may be purchased if not a PCMCIA member at http://www.pcmcia.org • ExpressCard Standard Release 1.0 • ExpressCard Implementation Guidelines Release 1.0 • ExpressCard Internal Cable Specifications Release 1.0 • The following compliance documents are available through PCMCIA • ExpressCard Compliance Checklists Release 1.0 • ExpressCard Interoperability Checklists Release 1.0 The following relevant specifications are available • PCI-SIG members may obtain the PCI Express specification at http://www.pcisig.com • PCI Express Base Specification Release 1.0a • USB members may obtain the specification at http://www.usb.org • Universal Serial Bus Specification Release 2.0

31. Community Resources • Community Sites • http://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx • List of Newsgroups • http://communities2.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx • Attend a free chat or webcast • http://www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspx • http://www.microsoft.com/seminar/events/webcasts/default.mspx • Locate a local user group(s) • http://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspx • Non-Microsoft Community Sites • http://www.microsoft.com/communities/related/default.mspx

32. Additional Resources • Email: office @ pcmcia.org • Related Sessions: • TW04047 – PCI Express – How to Build Systems • TW04091 – Implementing PCI Express on the current Windows Operating Systems • TW04092 – PCI Express and Windows “Longhorn”