Name: Khaled Mohamed Ashraf ID: 5409020

1. Name: Khaled Mohamed AshrafID: 5409020 Supervised by: Dr. Nagwa Mohamed

2. Content What is Globalization? What are the drivers of Globalization? What is the impact of Globalization on Human Resources?

3. What is Globalization? Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

4. What are the drivers of Globalization? Technology:allows ideas to cheaply travel faster, further and to more people. Mass transport:allows people and goods also to cheaply travel faster and further. Education:skills workers to do the work previously limited to the developed world.

5. What is the impact of Globalization on Human Resources? • The Globalization Debate: • Many economists, politicians, and business leaders think that a more integrated and interdependent global economy is a good thing. • They say that increased international trade and cross-border investment will result in lower prices for goods and services. • They believe that globalization stimulates economic growth, raises the incomes of consumers, and helps to create jobs in all countries that participate in the global trading system.

6. Antiglobalization Protests: • The causes of Antiglobalization: • Job losses. • Downward pressure on wages of unskilled workers. • Environmental degradation. • Cultural imperialism. • Protests have occurred in several countries, such as France, where antiglobalization activities destroyed a McDonalds restaurant in August 1999 to protest the impoverishment of French culture by American imperialism.

7. Globalization, Jobs, and Income: One concern voiced by globalization opponents is that falling barriers to international trade destroy manufacturing jobs in wealthy advanced economies such as the USA and the UK. They argue that falling trade barriers allow firms to move manufacturing activities to countries where wage rates are much lower. Example:Harwood industries, a U.S. clothing manufacturer that closed its U.S. operations, where it paid workers $9 per hour, and shifted manufacturing to Honduras, where textile workers receive 48 cents per hour.

8. Globalization, Jobs, And Income (cont.): Supporters of globalization argue that free trade will result in countries specializing in the production of those goods and services that they can produce most efficiently, while importing goods and services that they cannot produce as efficiently. Example: Importing textiles from china leads to lower prices for clothes in the U.S., which enables consumers to spend more of their money on other items. At the same time, the increased income generated in china from textile exports increases income levels in that country, which helps the Chinese to purchase more U.S. products.

9. Globalization, Labour Policies, and the Environment: Another concern is that free trade encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities to less developed countries that lack adequate regulations to protect labour and the environment. These regulations increase the costs of manufacturing enterprises, so, they move their facilities to countries that don't have such regulations.

10. Globalization, Labour Policies, And The Environment (cont.): The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was formed in 1994 between Canada, Mexico and the U.S. Globalization critics say that U.S. manufacturing firms moving to Mexico so that they would be free to pollute the environment, employ child labour, and ignore workplace safety and health issues. Supporters of free trade argue that, as countries get richer, they enact tougher environmental and labour regulations.

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