Decontamination and Cleaning

1. Decontamination and Cleaning

2. Objectives KEY CONCEPTS you will learn: • Why decontamination and cleaning are important initial steps in processing soiled items • How effective decontamination and cleaning are • How to prepare dilute chlorine solutions for decontamination • How to decontaminate and clean instruments

3. Laboratory Unit

4. Sterilize Chemical High-pressure steam Dry heat Decontaminate Clean High-Level Disinfect Boil Steam Chemical Instrument Processing Instrument Processing Dry/Cool and Store

5. Processing Instruments and Other Items Decontaminationmakes inanimate objects safer to be handled by staff before cleaning. Cleaning physically removes all visible dust, soil, blood or other body fluids from inanimate objects.

6. Processing Instruments and Other Items (continued) High-level disinfection eliminatesallorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) except some endospores. Sterilization eliminates allorganisms includingbacterial endospores.

7. Table 10-3: Effectiveness of Methods for Processing Instruments

8. Decontamination Principles: • Inactivates HBV and HIV • Makes items safer to handle • Must be done before cleaning

9. Decontamination Practices • Place instruments and reusable gloves in 0.5% chlorine solution after use. • Soak for 10 minutes and rinse immediately. • Wipe surfaces (exam tables) with chlorine solution.

10. - 1 Total parts (TP) (H2O) = = 9 Total parts (TP) (H2O) Total parts (TP) (H2O) = - 1 IP: Instructions for Preparing Dilute Chlorine Solutions To make a 0.5% chlorine solution from 5% bleach, mix 1 part bleach to 9 parts water.

11. Gram/Liter = X 1000 Gram/Liter = X 1000 = 14.2 Gram/Liter IP: Instructions for Preparing a Chlorine Solution from a Powder To make a 0.5% chlorine solution froma 35% chlorine powder, mix 14.2 grams of powder to 1 liter of water.

12. Examples Using 5% Bleach for0.5% Concentration One part bleach to 9 parts water (use the same container to measure the bleach and water)

13. Household Bleach Safety • Use mask, goggles, rubber gloves, waterproof apron • Mix in well-ventilated area • Do not use or mix with other detergents • Use cold or room temperature water to mix

17. Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Disinfection/Sterilization • Cleaning of the object • Organic and inorganic load present • Type and level of microbial contamination • Concentration of and exposure time to disinfectant/sterilant • Nature of the object • Temperature and relative humidity

18. Cleaning Principles: • Removes organic material that: • Protects microorganisms against sterilization and HLD • Can inactivate disinfectants • Must be done for sterilization and HLD to be effective • Method of mechanically reducing the number of microorganisms, especially endospores

19. Cleaning Practices after items are decontaminated: • Wash with detergent, water, and a soft brush. • Disassemble instruments. • Scrub instruments under the water surface until visibly clean. • Thoroughly rinse with clean water. • Use PPE during cleaning.

20. Cleaning and preparing for sterilization

22. Kitchen Utensils Washing Area