ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Laser Range Finding Sensors

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Laser Range Finding Sensors Prepared by: Brad Leishman Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E:bcl@cc.usu.edu; T: (435)797-0464; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) 3/10/2006

2. Outline • Reference list • Web references • Major applications • Laser Application Areas • How do they work? • Sample Configuration • Major Laser Specifications • Most Common Lasers • Major System Specifications • Typical High Power Laser • Typical System Dimensions Diagram • Limitations • Cost • Manufacturers • Laser Progress Over the Years ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • “Projective Geometry” H.S.M Coxeter, Springer 1987 • “Introduction to Laser Diode-Pumped Solid State Lasers” Richard Scheps, SPIE Press 2002 • “Introduction to Radiometry” William L. Wolfe, SPIE Press 1998 • “Sensor Modeling, Design and Data Processing for Autonomous Navigation” Martin David Adams, World Scientific 1999 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) • www.aselsan.com • elcan.phpinternet.com • www.opticsplanet.net • www.photonix.com • www.bai.aero • www.directindustry.com ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Major applications • Defense and Military Applications • LIDAR • Semiconductor Processing • Interferometry • Non-Contact Inspection • Fluorescence • Holography • Micro-Marking • Replacement of Nitrogen Lasers • Entertainment Industry ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Laser Application Areas http://www.afrlhorizons.com/Briefs/0006/DE9901.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. How do they work? They are electro-optical instruments whose operation is based on an echo principle employing an infrared light pulse of high intensity. When the instruments are triggered a short invisible light pulse is transmitted along a very narrow path. Upon hitting an object, a small portion of the transmitted light is reflected back along the path towards the instrument where it passes through an optical system to a receiver. The range of the object is determined by the time interval elapsed from the moment of transmission of the pulse to the moment of reception of the returned relative to the speed of light. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. How do they work? As the laser pulse is emitted a counter begins ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. How do they work? ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. How do they work? ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. How do they work? ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. How do they work? ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. How do they work? ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. How do they work? As return energy of significant amount is detected the counter is stopped ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. How do they work? The range to the object can be determined from this time according to the following equation. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Sample Configuration http://www.bai.aero/payloads.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Major Laser Specifications • Average Power (5mW – 13W) • Pulse Energy (.1uJ – 7mJ) • Pulse Width (20 – 65ns) • Repetition Rate (0 – 100kHz) • Pulse Instability (<3%rms) • Long-Term Instability (+/-3%) • Pointing Stability (<50urad) • Beam Diameter (1mm) • Beam Divergence (.1 – 2.5mrad) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Most Common Lasers Wavelengths • INFRARED (1053/1064 nm) • GREEN (527/532 nm) • UV (351/355 nm) • DEEP UV (263/266 nm) Laser Types • Nd:YAG • Nd:YLF • Nd:YVO4 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Major System Specifications • Laser Head Dimensions/Weight • Laser Controller Dimensions/Weight • Minimum and Maximum Range • Electrical Requirement • (100 – 200V)(8A Max@47 to 63 Hz) • Relative Humidity (90% Max) • Ambient Temperature (59 – 86F) • Umbilical Length (3 meters) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Typical Laser Sensors High Power Long Range Sensor http://www.photonix.com/PDFs%20of%20Brochures/DC10%20Series%20Brochure.pdf Low Power Short Range Sensor http://www.keyence.com/products/vision/laser/lkg/lkg_applications_4_1.php ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

21. Typical System Dimensions Diagram http://www.photonix.com/PDFs%20of%20Brochures/DC10%20Series%20Brochure.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

22. Limitations • The high powered end of these sensors put off a lot of heat which must be cooled in order for them to operate as specified. • Each sensor has a specified range or operation. You can’t typically use that same sensor for both short and long range applications. • Extremely accurate sensors are expensive (Precision Budget) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

23. Cost • Depends on application, power and precision • Low powered, short range sensors => $5 • High powered, long range sensors => $5000 and beyond ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

24. Manufacturers • Photonics Industries • Keyence Products • Micro Epsilon • Mel • Leuze Electronic • Dinel • IFM Electronics ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

25. Laser Progress Over the Years http://www.afrlhorizons.com/Briefs/0006/DE9901.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators