1 / 11

Order Gymnophiona

Order Gymnophiona. Order Apoda if including extinct forms Extant forms lack limbs and girdles Extant forms have: Annulated bodies Specialized dual jaw adduction mechanism Chemosensory organ (tentacle) Columella but no external ear Skull morphology specialized for a fossorial lifestyle

gilead
Download Presentation

Order Gymnophiona

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Order Gymnophiona • Order Apoda if including extinct forms • Extant forms lack limbs and girdles • Extant forms have: • Annulated bodies • Specialized dual jaw adduction mechanism • Chemosensory organ (tentacle) • Columella but no external ear • Skull morphology specialized for a fossorial lifestyle • Eyes covered by integument or bone • 9 families (Wilkinson et al. 2011), ca. 34 genera, ca. 170 species

  2. Changes in integument of dermatophagic caecilians Comparison of right black and white pictures reveals greater lipid content (dyed black) in brooding females http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7086/fig_tab/nature04403_F2.html

  3. Series of gill arches consisting of basibranchial, ceratobranchial arches & epibranchial arches. These constitue the hyoglossal skeleton. Ancestrally, the hyoglossal skeleton supports the hyiod apparatus and gills. http://www.purposegames.com/game/9cf571a0d5

  4. Caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona) are unique among vertebrates in having two sets of jaw-closing muscles, one on either side of the jaw joint. This increases the leverage of the jaw-closing muscles. The combination of the two jaw-closing systems results in high bite forces over a wide range of gape angles, an important advantage for generalist feeders such as caecilians. The relative sizes and leverage mechanics of the two closing systems allow one to exert more force when the other has a poor mechanical advantage. (Kleinteich et al. 2008)

  5. Caecilian embryo Female and juveniles http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS368US368&tbm=isch&tbnid=lPt5UbOweoQlnM:&imgrefurl=http://silverfishattack.blogspot.com/2008/12/caecilians.html&docid=uwyahFhVQoc6WM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_tq35GASxSOY/STbK5ssx0zI/AAAAAAAAAVY/xhZonbje1yk/s320/2583963082_6ea28bb609.jpg&w=300&h=300&ei=eZAcT7-UHaShiQL3sfmgCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=184&vpy=142&dur=2688&hovh=225&hovw=225&tx=110&ty=130&sig=100888889573490374019&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=153&start=0&ndsp=43&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&biw=1920&bih=995

  6. Oviparous Caecilian and eggs http://www.zsl.org/zsl-london-zoo/whats-on/caecilians-secret-world-naked-snakes,355,EV.html

  7. http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS368US368&tbm=isch&tbnid=p9On8swpgC5NJM:&imgrefurl=http://rhamphotheca.tumblr.com/post/11718141498/an-upclose-look-at-the-face-of-the-indian&docid=U2zOuCY8MfWLHM&imgurl=http://26.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lte8tyB1js1qc6j5yo1_500.jpg&w=461&h=301&ei=uY8cT9OOO4mMiAKs7c2fCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=189&vpy=234&dur=489&hovh=176&hovw=267&tx=165&ty=97&sig=100888889573490374019&page=1&tbnh=150&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=45&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&biw=1920&bih=995http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS368US368&tbm=isch&tbnid=p9On8swpgC5NJM:&imgrefurl=http://rhamphotheca.tumblr.com/post/11718141498/an-upclose-look-at-the-face-of-the-indian&docid=U2zOuCY8MfWLHM&imgurl=http://26.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lte8tyB1js1qc6j5yo1_500.jpg&w=461&h=301&ei=uY8cT9OOO4mMiAKs7c2fCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=189&vpy=234&dur=489&hovh=176&hovw=267&tx=165&ty=97&sig=100888889573490374019&page=1&tbnh=150&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=45&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&biw=1920&bih=995 Tentacle and foramen http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS368US368&tbm=isch&tbnid=krzBIRihSDsCBM:&imgrefurl=http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Dermophis_mexicanus/&docid=6lPsQKpIDuyjtM&imgurl=http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Dermophis_mexicanus/story1thumb.jpg&w=300&h=186&ei=uY8cT9OOO4mMiAKs7c2fCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=563&sig=100888889573490374019&page=3&tbnh=119&tbnw=192&start=94&ndsp=56&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:94&tx=88&ty=50&biw=1920&bih=995

  8. Atretochoanaeiselti: the largest lungless Caecilian (one of two known species). The integument is highly folded for effective integumentary gas exchange and the head is dorsoventrally flattened. The species is presumably aquatic. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/1049/atretochoana-eiselti-head-turned-left_68453_1.jpg http://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/1049/atretochoana_eiselti_banner_curved_52477_1.jpg

More Related