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Power Generation as A Science!

Power Generation as A Science!. By P M V Subbarao Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi. Know the Potential, Before Use!!!!. Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot. 1814: After graduating, Carnot went to the École du Génie at Metz to take the two year course in military engineering.

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Power Generation as A Science!

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  1. Power Generation as A Science! By P M V Subbarao Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Know the Potential, Before Use!!!!

  2. Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot • 1814: After graduating, Carnot went to the École du Génie at Metz to take the two year course in military engineering. • 1819: Carnot began to attend courses at various institutions in Paris. • 1821: Carnot began the work which led to the mathematical theory of heat and helped start the modern theory of thermodynamics. • The problem occupying Carnot was how to design good steam engines. • Steam power already had many uses - draining water from mines, excavating ports and rivers, forging iron, grinding grain, and spinning and weaving cloth - but it was inefficient.

  3. Carnot’s Thinking • It irked Carnot particularly that the British had progressed so far through the genius of a few engineers who lacked formal scientific education. • British engineers had also accumulated and published reliable data about the efficiency of many types of engines under actual running conditions. • They vigorously argued the merits of low- and high-pressure engines and of single-cylinder and multi-cylinder engines. • 1822 – 1823 : Carnot attempted to find a mathematical expression for the work produced by one kilogram of steam. • Carnot's work is distinguished for his careful, clear analysis of the units and concepts employed and for his use of both an adiabatic working stage and an isothermal stage in which work is consumed. • 1824 : Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance which includes his description of the "Carnot cycle".

  4. Vapour Power Cycles Goal: To generate electricity from heat input!!!

  5. Carnot Model for Power Generation Cycle

  6. Carnot Power Cycle

  7. s 1 – 2 : Compressor : Isentropic Process : s2 = s1 2 – 3 : Boiler: Isothermal Heating : T3 = T2 3 – 4 : Turbine : Isentropic Expansion : s4 = s3 4 – 1 : Condenser: Isothermal Cooling : T1 = T4

  8. Compressor : Isentropic Process : s2 =s1 1 2 SSSF: Conservation of mass Single inlet & Single outlet First Law : No heat transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible

  9. 2 – 3 : Boiler: Isothermal Heating : T3 = T2 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible QCV 3 2 Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

  10. Turbine : Isentropic Process :s4=s3 3 T 4 No heat transfer. Change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

  11. 4 – 1 : Condenser : Isothermal Cooling : T4 = T1 QCV 4 1 No work transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible Assuming a single fluid entering and leaving…

  12. s Know the Potential, Before Use!!!!

  13. First law for a Power generation cycle: For a reversible cycle: Analysis of Cycle • First law for a cycle:

  14. s From Carnot Model

  15. Parametric Study of Canot Model

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