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Soil nutrient status and okra pod yield as influenced by plant density and cow dung manure application Law-Ogbomo, K.E.,

Soil nutrient status and okra pod yield as influenced by plant density and cow dung manure application Law-Ogbomo, K.E., Osaigbovo, A.U. and Ogedegbe, S.A. INTRODUCTION. Crop productivity (soil nutrient and plant density) Impoverished tropical soils (Akanbi and Togun,2002)

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Soil nutrient status and okra pod yield as influenced by plant density and cow dung manure application Law-Ogbomo, K.E.,

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  1. Soil nutrient status and okra pod yield as influenced by plant density and cow dung manure applicationLaw-Ogbomo, K.E., Osaigbovo, A.U. and Ogedegbe, S.A.

  2. INTRODUCTION • Crop productivity (soil nutrient and plant density) • Impoverished tropical soils (Akanbi and Togun,2002) • Inorganic vs. Organic fertilizers (Aiyelaagbe,2011; Idachaba, 2004) • Plant density affects yield (Weiner,1990; Gupta et al., 2004)

  3. Objectives of the study Effects of cow dung and plant density on 1) soil nutrient status 2) pod yield of okra In a degraded soil in humid rain forest zone (Edo State, Nigeria)

  4. Materials and Methods Two-year field study at University of Benin Research farm Two factors (Cow dung and Plant density) Cow dung (0, 300,450 kg /ha ) Plant density (47619, 66666, 83333 pph) Soil analysis (Pre-sowing and post-harvest) based on Mylavarapus and Kennelley (2002) method.

  5. Materials and Methods contd. 3 x 3 factorial in RCBD replicated three times Plots were 2 m x 1.5 m in size Okra cultivar (NHAc-47-4) Okra seeds were cold water treated for 12 hrs before sowing Weed and pest control carried out as required Okra pods harvested thrice Data combined for analysis using Genstat, 2005 Means separated with LSD at 5 % level of probability

  6. Table 1 :Physical and chemical properties of the soil prior to cropping with okra Soil properties Value Critical Level* Sand (g /kg) 790.00 - Silt (g /kg) 30.00 - Clay (g/kg) 180.00 - pH (water) 4.80 - Organic carbon (%) 0.95 1.16 Total nitrogen (%) 0.07 0.15 Available P (mg /kg) 19.90 8.50 Exchangeable cation (cmol /kg) Ca 2.69 1.50 Mg 1.17 0.28 Na 0.59 - K 0.37 0.16 Ca/Mg 5.36 3.00 *Ibude et al.(1988)

  7. Table 3 : Soil properties after cow dung application prior to cropping with okra Cow dung (kg/ha N) pH(water) Organic C (%) Total N (%) Available P (mg /kg) 0 4.82 0.95 0.07 19.90 300 5.50 1.27 0.10 27.60 450 5.56 1.36 0.10 22.10 LSD(0.05) 0.560 0.173 0.013 7.370 Cow dung (kg/ha N) Exchangeable cations (cmol kg-1) Ca Mg Na K 0 2.69 1.17 0.56 0.37 300 4.55 1.96 0.63 1.00 450 4.69 2.00 0.61 1.07 LSD(0.05) 1.227 0.716 0.039 0.383

  8. Table 4a : The effect of cow dung application on soil chemical properties after cropping with okra Cow dung (kg/ha N) pH(water) Organic C (%) Total N (%) Available P (mg /kg) 0 4.81 0.68 0.05 12.51 300 6.99 0.78 0.06 17.53 450 7.19 0.84 0.07 13.88 LSD(0.05) 0.484 NS 0.019 4.634 Cow dung (kg/ha N) Exchangeable cations (cmol kg-1) Ca Mg Na K 0 1.98 0.59 0.22 0.1 300 1.87 0.64 0.28 0.12 450 2.10 0.86 0.27 0.07 LSD(0.05) NS NS NS NS

  9. Table 4b : The effect of plant density on soil chemical properties after cropping with okra Plant density (pph) pH(water) Organic C (%) Total N (%) Available P (mg /kg) 47619 7.04 0.84 0.07 6.85 66666 6.73 0.81 0.06 19.37 83333 6.61 0.64 0.07 17.69 LSD(0.05) NS NS NS 4.634 Plant density (pph) Exchangeable cations (cmol kg-1) Ca Mg Na K 47619 1.82 0.83 0.26 0.08 66666 2.25 0.67 0.28 0.13 83333 1.88 0.64 0.27 0.08 LSD(0.05) NS NS NS NS

  10. Table 5:Effects of plant density and cow dung application on pod yield of okra Pod yield Cow dung (kg/ha N) g/ stand t/ha 0 9.78 0.60 300 32.36 2.05 450 33.05 2.11 LSD(0.05) 2.308 0.113 Plant density (pph) 47617 30.92 1.47 66666 24.03 1.60 83333 20.24 1.69 LSD (0.05) 2.308 0.113 LSD (0.05) CD X PD 3.998 0.195

  11. Table 6: Interactive effects of plant density and cow dung application on pod yield of okra Pod yield Plant density(pph) Cow dung (kg/ha N) g/stand t/ha 47619 0 13.51 0.64 300 39.97 1.90 450 39.97 1.97 66666 0 8.95 0.60 300 30.70 2.05 450 32.45 2.16 83333 0 6.88 0.57 300 26.40 2.20 450 27.44 2.29 LSD (0.05) Plant density x cow dung 3.998 0.20

  12. Discussion Soil test results indicated low native fertility Cow dung had appreciable nutrient content which improved soil properties (Besho and Bell,1992) Pod yield reduced with higher plant density Pod yield increased with cow dung application and higher plant density

  13. Conclusion Okra produced optimum yield when grown with cow dung application (300 kg/ ha N) and plant population (83333 pph)

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