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EPIDEMIOLOGY.

EPIDEMIOLOGY. Ijeoma Nkeiruka Otigbuo. PATHOLOGY, INFECTION, AND DISEASE. . Key Terms. Pathology. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Infection. Disease. Normal Microbiota. Transient Microbiota. Normal Microbiota And Host:Relationship. Symbiosis. Commensalism. Mutualism. Parasitism.

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EPIDEMIOLOGY.

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  1. EPIDEMIOLOGY. Ijeoma Nkeiruka Otigbuo.

  2. PATHOLOGY, INFECTION, AND DISEASE. • Key Terms. • Pathology. • Etiology. • Pathogenesis. • Infection. • Disease.

  3. Normal Microbiota. • Transient Microbiota.

  4. Normal Microbiota And Host:Relationship. • Symbiosis. • Commensalism. • Mutualism. • Parasitism. • Opportunistic Organisms. • Cooperation Among Microorganisms.

  5. ETIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. • Koch’s Postulates. • Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates: T. pallidum, M. leprae, M. tuberculosis, S. pyogenes.

  6. CLASSIFYING INFECTIOUS DISEASES. • Symptoms. • Signs. • Syndrome. • Communicable Disease. • Contagious Diseases. • Noncommunicable Disease.

  7. OCCURRENCE OF DISEASE. • Incidence. • Prevalence. • Sporadic Disease. • Endemic Disease. • Epidemic Disease. • Pandemic Disease.

  8. Emerging Infectious Diseases. • Severity or Duration of Disease. • Extent of Host Involvement: Local infection, systemic/Generalized infection, Focal infection, Bacteremia, Septicemia, Toxemia, Viremia, Primary infection, Secondary infection, Inapparent/Subclinical infection.

  9. SPREAD OF INFECTION. • Reservoirs of Infection. • Human Reservoirs. • Animal Reservoirs. • Nonliving Reservoirs.

  10. TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE. • Three Principal Routes: • Contact. • Vehicles. • Vectors.

  11. CONTACT TRANSMISSION. • Direct contact: • Person-to-Person. • Indirect Contact: • Fomite. • Droplet.

  12. VEHICLE TRANSMISSION. • Waterborne. • Foodborne. • Airborne.

  13. VECTORS. • Mechanical. • Biological.

  14. PORTALS OF EXIT. • Respiratory Tract. • Gastrointestinal Tract. • Urogenita Tract • Skin/Wound Infections.

  15. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS. • Microorganisms in the Hospital. • The Compromised Host. • Chain of Transmission.Control of Nosocomial Infections.

  16. PATTERNS OF DISEASE. • Predisposing Factors: • Gender. • Genetic Background. • Climate. • Inadequate Nutrition. • Fatigue. • Age.

  17. Environment. • Habits. • Life-style or Occupation. • Preexisting Illness. • Chemotherapy. • Emotional Disturbances.

  18. DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE. • Period of Incubation. • Prodromal Period. • Period of Illness. • Period of Decline. • Period of Convalescence.

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