Gerald C. Blazey Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Design

1. University AcceleratorResearch and Development @ Fermilab(Ongoing Projects and Opportunities for getting started) Gerald C. Blazey Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Design (http://nicadd.niu.edu) Northern Illinois University

2. Why? • An interesting field in its own right, with interesting challenges and questions. • Laboratories dominating the LC landscape (there is a well developed program for advanced concepts) • Shortage of qualified physicists and resources committed to design and construction of new machines, both novel and “conventional”. • Promotion of university programs in cooperation with existing HEP programs will foster innovation and increase number of qualified individuals. • With regards to the linear collider much of our material and intellectual resources will be required.

3. Two Efforts • Illinois Consortium for Accelerator Research (ICAR) • The Fermilab/NICADD PhotoInjector (FNPL)  High Brightness PhotoInjector (HBPI) • The linear Collider research topic database • The evolving consortia/working groups • University Consortium for the Linear Collider (UCLC) centered at Cornell • Linear Collider R&D Working Group at Fermilab • Linear Collider R&D Opportunities at Stanford/SLAC Opportunities

4. Illinois Consortium of Accelerator Research • 1999, IIT organized university consortium • 2000, IIT, NIU, NW, UC, UIUC received funding from NSF and state of Illinois • Current budget ~$2.5M/yr which supports in whole or part ~25 faculty and scientists. • Resulted in three new accelerator faculty positions.

5. ICAR Activities • Muon cooling • Simulations and theoretical investigations • Absorber development and engineering • Fast Instrumentation • RF cavity mechanical design • Linac Test Beam at Fermilab • Neutrino factory feasibility studies I & II • Proton Driver physics and design studies • Photoinjector R&D for LC • g-g collider studies • Outreach: surveys, citizen involvement

6. Site of Linac LH2 Absorber Beam Test Cryo ready in one year. Absorber, Magnet prototype

7. Photogrammetric studies of window performance (minimum heating, heat management, safety) Focus on Component Testing Beam detection and profiling using bolometry (strips of material on the absorber window that change resistance when radiated.)

8. FNPL • Electron source @ A0 • Jointly operated by Fermilab/NICADD • Beam Physics • International Facility (Chicago, Georgia, Michigan, NIU, Rochester, Fermilab, DESY, CERN, LBNL)

9. FNPL Activities • Beam Physics • Flat Beam Studies • Plasma Wakefield Acceleration • Laser Acceleration • Studies of Space Charge • Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Studies • Electron Beam Diagnostics • Superconducting RF Cavity Development • RF Gun Development • Theses • Five completed • Three current (plasma and laser acceleration, flat beams) • Open to new collaborators, ideas!

10. Flat beam generation could simplify requirements for Linear collider electron damping rings! Beam Energy Profile Emittance Ratio ~40 E Energy Fragmentation post bunch compression degrades luminosity and FEL capabilities. Simulation of wakefield acceleration through plasma shows 72 MeV/cm gradient. Experimentally confirmed!

11. A High-Brightness Photoinjector • A collaboration modeled on large detector collaborations for the construction and operation of a high-brightness electron beam at Fermilab. • Five year construction, then operation. • Advanced beam research and machine development promotes university based research • The collaboration presently includes seven universities and three laboratories. • Have encouragement from Fermilab. Site selection and timescales under discussion.

12. Notional Layout of Photoinjector (as envisioned by DESY) Emittance ~1 micron, Bunch Length <270 microns Energy 140300 MeV

13. The LC R&D List • Tom Himel, SLAC, has assembled a database of accelerator LC R&D in response to requests from the university community. • Contains a wide variety of priorities, project sizes, and needed skills. • About 80 NLC, TESLA, and generic accelerator R&D items are on the list • On Web: http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/lc/Project_List/intro.htm

14. List Example ID: 16       Priority: Medium       project_size: Large      skill_type: physicist short project description: superconducting quadrupole vibration test Detailed project description: There are two options for the final doublet magnets: permanent and superconducting. The main concern about the superconducting method is that coils will vibrate too much since a strong support to the cryostat would cause a big heat leak, and boiling helium may jiggle the coils. Either by calculation, or finding an appropriate magnet, convince people that the quadrupole fields center will move by less than a nm relative to the outside of the cryostat. Needed by who: NLC and TESLA     present status: good idea needed     Needed by date: 6/1/2005 ContactPerson1: Joe Frisch WorkPhone1: 6509264005 EmailAddress1: frisch@slac.stanford.edu Note that the contact person is someone who knows more about the project. He’s not the person who will arrange who works on what.

15. New Organizations • Framework for detector/accelerator R&D on LC. • Currently: • 3 evolving groups (Cornell, Fermilab, SLAC) • 2 funding agencies (NSF & DOE) • 1 Linear Collider • Relationships evolving • NSF groups naturally cluster under a single proposal submitted by Cornell? • DOE groups naturally cluster w/ Fermilab & SLAC under a single proposal? • But work where convenient & communicate! • Proposals vetted by the USLCSG Working Groups

16. History/Upcoming Dates • April 5th, Fermilab Meeting, 123 participants • April 19th, University Consortium for the Linear Collider @ Ithaca, 55 participants • May 30th, Linear Collider R&D Opportunities @ SLAC, 106 participants • June 27-30th , Santa Cruz • Linear Collider Retreat w/ Acc. R&D Sessions. • UCLC statements of interest • Joint Fermilab/SLAC meetings • September, NSF submission

17. Suggested Topics at Fermilab • NLC Structures • Vibration Analysis • Permanent Magnets • Injectors: FNPL and upgrade & simulations • Beam Instrumentation • Plenty of opportunity for post-docs/students. Group meets twice monthly.

18. Conclusions • There is significant and increasing university sponsored R&D occurring at Fermilab. • The skill set is similar to HEP. • There is ample opportunity to get involved. • Support comes from the universities and funding agencies – we have to convince one another. • The new organizations offer a likely opportunity!