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Invertebrate Zoology

Invertebrate Zoology. Lecture 4: Bauplans (finish). Lecture outline. Animal Bauplans Key features of body plans (cont.) Nervous system Reproduction. Bauplans: key features. Nervous systems: overview We will examine Stimuli the animal can receive Structure of receptors

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Invertebrate Zoology

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  1. Invertebrate Zoology Lecture 4: Bauplans (finish)

  2. Lecture outline • Animal Bauplans • Key features of body plans (cont.) • Nervous system • Reproduction

  3. Bauplans: key features • Nervous systems: overview • We will examine • Stimuli the animal can receive • Structure of receptors • Location/degree of signal integration • Architecture of the nervous system (ganglia? Nerve cords?) • Responses of the animal

  4. Bauplans: key features • Nervous systems: receptors • Tactile • Stimuli:Touch/vibration • Usually epithelial origin • Often are spines, hairs, bumps, etc… • Georeceptors • Stimuli: ∆orientation/gravity • Statocysts w/statolith • How does it work?

  5. Bauplans: key features • Nervous systems: receptors • Proprioceptors • Stimuli: Stretching,bending, compression, tension • Location: joints • Phonoreceptors • Stimulus: sound • Baroreceptors • Stimulus: pressure change

  6. Bauplans: key features • Nervous systems: receptors • Chemoreceptors • Stimuli: molecules in solution • Photoreceptors • Stimulus: light • Thermoreceptors • Stimulus: change in temperature

  7. Bauplans: key features • Nervous systems: organization • Present? • Ganglia? • Nerve cords? • We will also cover endocrine systems

  8. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction • Asexual reproduction • Fragmentation & regeneration • Budding • Gives rise to individuals and/or colonies

  9. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction • Asexual reproduction • Colonies • Colony members are connected via living tissues or secreted materials that bind them together • Many examples Coral Colonial tunicate

  10. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • Generalized life cycle

  11. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction: systems • Same basic parts, many variations

  12. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction: systems • Gonochoristic: distinct males and females • Hermaphroditic • Simultaneous: both genders at once • Protandrous: male first  then female • Protogynous: female first  then male

  13. Bauplans: key features • Reproduction • Parthenogenesis • Unfertilized eggs give rise to individuals • Most often occurs in extreme/marginal habitat • Often alternates with sexual reproduction • Example: aphids

  14. Aphid life cycle (simplified) • Sexual reproduction in fall • Throughout spring and summer, females produced by parthenogenesis

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