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Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies:

1. Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with pre-Triassic ancestors. J. Michael Moldowan et al. Geology ; February 1996; v. 24; no. 2; p. 159-162.

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Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies:

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  2. Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with pre-Triassic ancestors J. Michael Moldowan et al. Geology; February 1996; v. 24; no. 2; p. 159-162 • New data from numerous detailed mass-spectrometric studies havedetected triaromatic dinosteroids in Precambrian to Cenozoicrock samples. • Triaromatic dinosteroids are organic geochemicalsderived from dinosterols, compounds known in modern organismsto be the nearly exclusive widely occurring products of dinoflagellates.

  3. Proterozoic Acritarchs 34 33

  4. Fossil Dinoflagellates: Hystrichospheres Oldest: Triassic (200 MYA) 30 29 Adnatosphaeridium Hystrichosphaeridium

  5. PHYLOGENY

  6. ALVEOLATES

  7. ALVEOLI 35

  8. HABITAT 13 7 36 37 Peridinium Karenia

  9. ENDOSYMBIONTS: ZOOXANTHELLAE 17 16

  10. NUTRITION Autotrophy Heterotrophy 29 28

  11. PISCIVORES 23 Pfiesteria 22

  12. 6 Red Tide Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning

  13. BIOLUMINESCENCE 15

  14. Ocellus 40

  15. Dinoflagellate Growth Forms Dinokont Desmokont 5

  16. “Shells” 2

  17. “Grooves” 3

  18. Flagellae

  19. Transverse Flagellum (Axoneme, Striated Filament) Fig. 7.8 in Lee 1999

  20. Longitudinal Flagellum (Axoneme, R-Fiber) Fig. 7.6 in Lee 1999

  21. Amphiesma Fig. 11-1 Graham and Wilcox 2000

  22. Thecal Plates, Sutures 4

  23. Pusule Fig. 7.10 in Lee 1999

  24. Nucleus, Chromosomes Figs. 11.21 in Wilcox et al. 2008

  25. Mitosis, Cytokinesis Fig. 11.24, 11.26 in Graham et al. 2008

  26. “Ejectiles”: Trichocysts Fig. 11-26 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Fig. 7.14 in Lee 1999

  27. “Ejectiles”: Mucocysts Fig. 11.15 in Graham et al. 2008

  28. “Ejectiles”: Nematocysts (~ “Cnidocysts”) 49 Fig. 11.16 in Graham et al. 2009

  29. 42 Eyespot 43 Woloszynskia Katodinium Figs. 11.35, 11.36 in Graham et al. 2008

  30. Ocellus 40 Fig. 11-20 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

  31. Ocellus (Hyalosome, Pigment Cup) Fig. 11.38 in Graham et al. 2008

  32. Bioluminescence (Scintillons) Fig. 11.32 in Graham et al. 2008

  33. Bioluminescence (Luciferan, Luciferan-Binding-Protein, Luciferase) 44

  34. NUTRITION 27 25 28 26 24

  35. Phagocytosis / Engulfment 45 Noctiluna

  36. Feeding Tubes (Phagopods) Figs. 11-29, 11-30 in Wilcox et al. 2008

  37. Feeding Tubes (Peduncle) Fig. 11.28 in Wilcox et al. 2008

  38. Feeding Veils (Pallium) Fig. 3.5 in Wilcox et al. 2008

  39. 46 Plastids, Pigments Fig. 11.34 in Wilcox et al. 2008 47

  40. Pyrenoids, Storage Products

  41. Multiple Chloroplast Origins (Secondary, Tertiary Endosymbiosis) Endosymbiont: Diatom, Cryptomonad Endosymbiont: Red Alga 47

  42. 1 http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Mastigophora/Glenodinium/sp_04c.jpg 2 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/BOT201/Algae/Dinoflagellate% 20panel%20Hokudai.gif 3 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/dinoflagellate.gif 4 http://www.aad.gov.au/Asset/em_unit/images/dino1.jpg 5 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/highlight/sem/highlight/dinos/images/fig_a_bbig.jpg 6 http://www.lifeinfreshwater.org.uk/Resource%20Images/habitat/ Red%20Tide.jpg 7 http://www.silvercity.org/Page_1/lake_roberts.jpg 8 http://www.preisvergleich.org/pimages/SKULL-CROSSBONES-2_88__ D-828.265_40.jpg

  43. 9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Liver_superior.jpg 10 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/ SynapseIllustration2.png/350px-SynapseIllustration2.png 11 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=21135 12 http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/images/courses/s00bis1c/Dinoflagellate.jpg 13 http://eric.boissard.free.fr/Pictures/oceanwaves.jpg 14 http://omp.gso.uri.edu/discovery/biota/Inverts/surfclm1.jpg 15http://pro.corbis.com/images/42-19878430.jpg?size=67&uid=%7 BAF833BF1-09C5-4340-8E21-5D1D9566349E%7D 16 http://www.bigelow.org/reefwatch2001/coral_reefs/images/ glossary/symbiotic.jpg

  44. 17 http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/images/coral/S_Bleaching.jpg 18 http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/png/scans/zooxanth.jpg 20 http://www.underwater.com.au/content/6154/nudibranch.jpg 21 http://www.seaslugforum.net/images/zoox1e.jpg 22 http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/foodweb/pfiesteriafishsores.jpg 23 http://www.hpl.umces.edu/faculty/roman/biweekly_pfiesteria_picture.JPG 24 http://encyclopedia.quickseek.com/images/Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg 25 http://abacus.bates.edu/people/orgs/running/RunningPhotos/sun-cartoon.gif 26 http://universe-review.ca/I10-23-chlorella.gif 27 http://microscope.mbl.edu/baypaul/microscope/lucidkeys/ types_of_flagellates/images/tfp_chilomonas2_ugw.jpg 28 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/hoffmangallery/images/ diatoms.jpg

  45. 29 http://www.phoenix.org.br/images/Dinoflagelado_ Adnatosphaeridium.gif • http://www.kingston.ac.uk/geolsci/prg/images/photos/ • hystrichosphaeridium.jpg 31 http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309051274/html/images/img00037.jpg 32 http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/tcochran/BioImages/ciliate.jpg 33 http://www.palaeos.com/Proterozoic/Images/RoperAcritarchs.jpg 34 http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/contents/4100/4118/fig15.gif 35 http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/allen/ch08/mimg/01a-pmen810227-11m.jpg 36 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/manatee/RedTide_Karenia.jpg 37http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Peridinium_Key268.jpg 38 http://cimt.ucsc.edu/images/HAB%20ID/dinoflagellate/Dinos.jpg

  46. 39 http://www.aad.gov.au/asset/mme/movies/ProtozoanIngested.jpg 40 http://billeder-billedbasen.emu.dk/annotated/53/5B/9731.jpg 41 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445&usg=__crjTBEMxXApXU3v Hmpr1bD536TM=&h=250&w=471&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid= iApAqe-i_JHakM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3 Dtransverse%2Bflagellum%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 42 http://www.fimr.fi/en/tietoa/algaline_seuranta/lajistoraportit/ lajistoraporttiarkisto/2002/en_GB/804/_files/12076504320047742/ default/1_Gymnodinium_sp._1a40_41.6_x_59.2_um_fp06592002.jpg 43 http://www.fimr.fi/en/tietoa/algaline_seuranta/lajistoraportit/ lajistoraporttiarkisto/2005/en_GB/2528/_files/12076504320052782/default/cf._Scrippsiella_hangoei.jpg 44 http://www.bio.utk.edu/vonarnim/images/BRET.jpg 45 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/noctiluca.jpg

  47. 46 http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/dinochlorotemtol.200a.jpg 47 http://www.pnas.org/content/99/18/11558/F1.large.jpg 48 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445 49 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445 50 http://www.int-res.com/uploads/pics/featureame45_big.jpg

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