Intro

1. Unequal Family Income and Unequal Opportunity for Higher Education RU 1st Forum Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ February 20, 2018 Tom Mortenson, Senior Scholar The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education Intro

3. Why • Income and changes in income • Education pipeline by family income quartiles • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimated bachelor’s degree completion by age 24 • Estimated bachelor’s degree arraignment by age 24 • Interpretations • Social and cultural capital • Affordability • ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) • International rankings • Recommendations for reauthorization

11. Why • Income and changes in income • Education pipeline by family income quartiles • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimated bachelor’s degree completion by age 24 • Estimated bachelor’s degree arraignment by age 24 • Interpretations • Social and cultural capital • Affordability • ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) • International rankings • Recommendations for reauthorization

26. Why • Income and changes in income • Education pipeline by family income quartiles • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimated bachelor’s degree completion by age 24 • Estimated bachelor’s degree arraignment by age 24 • Interpretations • Social and cultural capital • Affordability • ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) • International rankings • Recommendations for reauthorization

34. Financial Need Analysis Model Cost of Attendance Tuition and fees Room and board Books and supplies Personal and medical care Transportation Less: Expected family contribution Income and assets Family size Number of children enrolled in college Equals: Financial need Gift aid: grants, scholarships, waivers Earnings from work/study Education loans: subsidized/unsubsidized Stafford, PLUS Federal tax credits

38. Why • Income and changes in income • Education pipeline by family income quartiles • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimated bachelor’s degree completion by age 24 • Estimated bachelor’s degree arraignment by age 24 • Interpretations • Social and cultural capital • Affordability • ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) • International rankings • Recommendations for reauthorization

39. Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 yr olds OECD 2003

42. Why • Income and changes in income • Education pipeline by family income quartiles • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimated bachelor’s degree completion by age 24 • Estimated bachelor’s degree arraignment by age 24 • Interpretations • Social and cultural capital • Affordability • ACEs (adverse childhood experiences) • International rankings • Recommendations for reauthorization

43. Restoring College Affordability Federal $13,000 Pell Grant maximum award $2,000 Super Pell to fund negative EFC calculated from FAFSA Income contingent education loan repayment College work-study for all students States Required 50:50 match to federal Pell Grant Institutions Continued eligibility for Title IV participation contingent on progress toward broadening enrollment and graduation of students from low income families

44. Final Contact Information: Email to request PowerPoint from: tom@postsecondary.org