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The Progressive Presidents Ch. 13, Sec 2, 3, & 4

The Progressive Presidents Ch. 13, Sec 2, 3, & 4. Teddy Roosevelt. Youngest president – 42 1/2 Social Darwinist Believed US in competition w/ other nations 1/2 Progressive Government needs to make sure everyone is treated fairly Believed Progressive reforms would make

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The Progressive Presidents Ch. 13, Sec 2, 3, & 4

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  1. The Progressive PresidentsCh. 13, Sec 2, 3, & 4

  2. Teddy Roosevelt • Youngest president – 42 • 1/2 Social Darwinist • Believed US in competition w/ other nations • 1/2 Progressive • Government needs to make sure everyone is treated fairly • Believed Progressive reforms would make the US more competitive

  3. Roosevelt the Trustbuster • E.H. Harriman of the Union Pacific Railroad and James J Hill and JPMorgan of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroad were fighting to control the Burlington Railroad through stock ownership • Almost triggered a financial panic on Wall Street • Harriman, Hill and Morgan created Northern Securities – a holding company that controlled all four railroads • 1902 - TR orders a lawsuit, says Northern Securities violates the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

  4. Coal Miners Strike - 1902 United Mine Workers – demanded pay raise, work reduction • first chance for Roosevelt to show his power • arbitration offered, mine owners refused • TR threatened to send in troops

  5. Roosevelt - Election of 1904 • Campaign Slogan: “Square Deal” • Fair and equal treatment for all

  6. Roosevelt as a Progressive • Bureau of Corporations – 1903 • authority to investigate corporations and issue reports on their activities • US Steel • Offered “gentlemen’s agreement” to avoid anti-trust lawsuit

  7. Roosevelt As A Progressive • Hepburn Act – 1906 • gave ICC more power (can set railroad rates) • Actually benefits railroads by limiting competition

  8. Roosevelt as a Progressive • Pure Food & Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act – 1906 • demanded federal regulation of the food processing and drug manufacturing industries • Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” helped push for regulating meat inspections

  9. Roosevelt the Conservationist • Newlands Reclamation Act – 1902 • Use of federal $ to pay for irrigation and land development projects • Regulations to control lumbering on federal lands • Added over 100 million acres to national forests, 5 new national parks, and 50 federal wildlife sanctuaries

  10. Teddy Bears named for TR • On a hunting trip he refused to kill a bear cub

  11. Election of 1908 • William Howard Taft – Republican • Hand picked by Roosevelt to be successor • William Jennings Bryan - Democrat

  12. Taft as a Progressive • Mann-Elkins Act – 1910 • Increased the regulatory powers of the ICC • Children's Bureau • Investigated problems with child labor • More anti-trust lawsuits than Roosevelt • A dedicated conservationist • Protected land from private development • Expanded the national forests

  13. Progressives desert Taft • Payne-Aldrich Tariff –1910 • Intent was to lower tariffs • most barely lowered • some were actually raised. • Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy • Ballinger tried to make more than a million acres of public land available for private development – Pinchot accused Ballinger of corruption • Taft fires Pinchot for insubordination • Anti-trust Lawsuit against US Steel • TR criticizes Taft publicly

  14. Taft Trivia • Over 300 pounds • Once got stuck in a White House bathtub • 1st President to throw out the first pitch at a MLB game

  15. Election of 1912 • William H. Taft – Republican • T. Roosevelt – Progressive (Bull Moose) • Woodrow Wilson – Democrat • Wins because Rep. Party split between Taft & TR

  16. Wilson’s Administration • Underwood Tariff – 1913 • Wilson lobbied Congress personally • Tariff rates cut by half • 16th Amendment – 1913 • OK to put tax on income of individuals and businesses -made up for the federal revenue lost from the tariff cut

  17. Reforming the Banks • Federal Reserve Act – 1913 • put a system of 12 banks under control of the Federal Reserve Board • Set interest rates and control money supply

  18. Anti-Trust Action • Federal Trade Commission • Created to investigate companies with unfair trade practices • Clayton Antitrust Act • more fed. power against trusts • Banned tying agreements • Gave unions right to exist

  19. Improving Working Conditions • Keating-Owen act – 1916 • No one under 14 could work in factories that produced goods for interstate commerce • Adamson Act • set an 8 hr work day for railroad workers

  20. Legacy of Progressivism • People expect gov’t to regulate the economy and solve social problems • Ignored African-Americans • NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) founded in 1909

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