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Foreign Labor Demand. The need for foreign labor. Host countries need foreign labor T o augment aging labor force To fill skills gaps and labor shortages To sustain growth and living standards Countries manage the employment of foreign labor
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The need for foreign labor • Host countries need foreign labor • To augment aging labor force • To fill skills gaps and labor shortages • To sustain growth and living standards • Countries manage the employment of foreign labor • To attract sufficient numbers of workers and the most skilled workers • To ensure level playing field in the employment of foreign workers versus local workers • To minimize social tensions
Managing the employment of foreign labor • Key instruments (1) Quantities (employment quotas or preferences) (2) Prices (wages) or both (1) and (2) • These can be set at the national level, by industry, by firm, by occupation, by skill or educational level, etc. They can vary over time as conditions change. • Key questions • How much foreign labor is needed? • How do countries attract the foreign workers they need? (Recruitment and ensuring optimal quantity and quality of workers) • What is the broader environment in which recruitment takes place?
How much foreign labor is needed? Countries use one or more of the following • Demographic models and assumed population flows • Industry-level, occupation-level, firm-level or individual-level surveys • Stakeholder consultations • Ad hoc methodology/guesswork Country examples United Kingdom does 1-3 (Migration Advisory Committee) Italy does 2 (ISMU) UAE does 4
Today • Initial stocktaking of how selected countries managed the employment of foreign labor • Kazakhstan • Russia • Singapore