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HENRY VIII

HENRY VIII. THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. King Henry VIII wants divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon Annulment = church says marriage never happened Catherine of Aragon is aunt to HRE Charles V -> pope can’t afford to offend him Pope refused to grant annulment

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HENRY VIII

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  1. HENRY VIII

  2. THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND • King Henry VIII wants divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon • Annulment = church says marriage never happened • Catherine of Aragon is aunt to HRE Charles V -> pope can’t afford to offend him • Pope refused to grant annulment • King’s men -> Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell are ordered to make the divorce happen

  3. HENRY AND THE BREAK WITH ROME • Parliament passes law saying religious courts can’t appeal to Rome -> this abolishes papal authority in England • Cranmer grants annulment and Henry’s secret marriage to Anne Bolyn is made legit • THE ACT OF SUPREMACY 1534 = King is made head of the new Church of England • Thomas More refuse to go along with this is put on trial for treason and executed

  4. CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

  5. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND = ANGLICAN CHURCH • Monarch is head of the new church • Monasteries are abolished • Land and possessions of the monasteries is confiscated by the king • King is enriched by this and shares the wealth to gain more aristocratic support • The church of England is no longer Catholic -> but it still looks and acts Catholic

  6. THE SIX WIVES OF HENRY VIII • Catherine of Aragon -> divorce • Anne Boleyn -> beheaded • Jane Seymour -> produces male heir -> she dies in childbirth • Anne of Cleves -> painting -> ugly -> divorce • Catherine Howard -> beheaded • Catherine Parr -> outlives Henry

  7. EDWARD VI

  8. KING EDWARD VI OF ENGLAND 1547-1553 • Child king -> 9 years old -> sickly • Regent/regency • Protestants control the king -> want the Church of England to look and act more Protestant and less Roman Catholic 1. clerical marriage 2. elimination of images 3. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER

  9. MARY TUDOR = BLOODY MARY1553-1558 • Edward dies at 15 and is succeeded by his half sister Mary Tudor • Mary was a hardcore militant Catholic • Restores the Catholic church in England • Orders the burning at the stake of hundreds of protestants -> gets the name “bloody Mary” • All of Mary actions push people away from the Catholic Church and towards Protestantism

  10. JOHN CALVIN AND CALVINISM • John Calvin • Institutes of the Christian Religion – • Absolute sovereignty of God • Predestination • The elect • Calvinism -> dynamic and activist faith • Calvinism -> militant crusading Protestantism

  11. CALVIN’S GENEVA“The Fortress of the Reformation” • Geneva becomes the center of Calvinism • THE CONSISTORY -> ruling body made up the town’s ministers • Strict enforcement of religious and moral purity • No excessive drinking, no gambling, must attend church, no criticism of ministers • Geneva attracts protestant missionaries who spread Calvinism • Calvinism spreads to France, the Netherlands, Scotland, and central and parts of eastern Europe

  12. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION • The Reformation had an impact on all areas of social life Family Education Popular religious practices

  13. THE FAMILY IN THE TIME OF THE REFORMATION • Celibacy -> marriage -> procreation • Protestantism celebrated the family and loving relationship between man and wife • Protestants maintained the old views of man as the head of the household and women good wives and mothers • Education for both boys and girls -> literacy -> in order to read the bible • Protestant Reformation did not change women’s subordinate/lower position in society

  14. EDUCATION IN THE REFORMATION • Protestant reformers adopted the classical emphasis of humanist schools • Expanded the base of who was educated -> in favor of state funded education for most • Education for protestants = literacy = ability to read the bible

  15. RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND POPULAR CULTURE • Protestants abolished or limited Indulgences Veneration of saintsand relics Pilgrimages Monasteries Clerical celibacy Statues Religious processions, parades, carnivals Saints’ day • In some places attempts to ban Taverns Plays Dancing Christmas celebration

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