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HENRY VIII

HENRY VIII. Tereza Vodňanská. Henry VIII (1491 – 1547) King of England, King of Ireland, Prince of Wales. born as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York had 6 siblings – only 3 survived infancy – the successor should have been Arthur , not Henry

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HENRY VIII

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  1. HENRY VIII Tereza Vodňanská

  2. Henry VIII (1491 – 1547)King of England, King of Ireland, Prince of Wales • born as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York • had 6 siblings – only 3 survived infancy – the successor should have been Arthur, not Henry • he was the second monarch of the House of Tudor • famous for having been married six times • King 1509 - 1547

  3. Youth • was given a first-rate education from leading tutors, becoming fluent in Latin, French, and Spanish • is known to have been an avid gambler and dice player • excelled at sports, especially jousting, hunting, and real tennis • was also an accomplished musician, player of many instruments,author, and poet

  4. 18 years old Henry VIII

  5. Catherine of Aragon • Prince Arhtur´s widow • Youngest child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile • problems with this marriage because of Pope • weddingon 11 June 1509, and on 24 June 1509, the two were crowned, at Westminster Abbey

  6. Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

  7. Catherine couldn´t produce the desired male heir of the throne • daughter Mary • Henry became attracted to a young courtier of Queen – Anne Boleyn • Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was ordered to start proceedings with Rome and Pope – Henry wanted to annul the marriage with Catherine • Henry wasn´t successful

  8. Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer • young clerics • they appeared after some time in the court and they supported the King • Cranmer was at first rewarded with a position as ambassador to the imperial court, then he became the Archbishop of Canterbury • Cromwell earned a position of chief adviser to the king – a proposal that Henry should declare himself the head of the Church in England • Cranmer declare the marriage with Catherine invalid and Henry´s new one with Anne Boleyn valid

  9. Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cromwell

  10. Anne Boleyn • crowned as Queen on 1 June 1533 • she gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth, but not to a male heir • she was arrested on charges of using witchcraft, having relationships with other men and of incest with her brother George Boleyn • 1536 - with her brother she was beheaded

  11. 1533 – Henry was excomunicated from the Roman Church • 1534 – Act of Supremacy - which declared that the King was "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England". • Parliament passed many other acts – e.g. Act of Succession (Mary couldn´t became the Queen) • 1535 – Laws in Wales Act - which legally annexed Wales, uniting England and Wales into one unified nation; use of English in official proceedings in Wales

  12. Jane Seymour • Henry became engaged to her one day after Anne's execution in 1536 , and 10 days later married her • she was one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting to whom the King had been showing favour for some time • 1537 - she gave Henry a son, Prince Edward (future Edward VI), but in the same year Jane died • according to Henry she was the only true wife

  13. Anne Cleves • suggested by Cromwell • painted by Hans Holbein the Younger and the portrait sent to the King • sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves • January 1540 – wedding • Henry found her unattractive, the marriage was annuled • called "The King's Sister"

  14. Catherine Howard • wedding in July 1540 • from powerful Catholic family • very young but the King was delighted with her • T. Cranmer tried to keep evidence of Queen Catherine's activities • Catherine's marriage was annulled shortly before her execution • Catherine was executed on 13 February 1542 - she was only about eighteen years old at the time

  15. Catherine Parr • a wealthy widow, the last wife • 1543 – wedding • she argued with Henry about religion (she was radical, Henry conservative) • she helped Henry with his two daughters (1544 – The Act of Parliament put them back in the line of succession after Edward) • she survived thanks to her submissiveness

  16. All six wives Jane Seymour - died Catherine of Aragon - divorced Anne Boleyn - beheaded Anne Cleves - divorced Catherine Parr - survived Catherine Howard - beheaded

  17. The English Reformation • the process by which the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff in England was eliminated and replaced with Royal Supremacy and the institution of a Church of England outside of the Roman Catholic Church and under the power of the Supreme Governance of the English monarch • the English Reformation was more of a political than a theological dispute • the breakup between Rome and England started in the reign of Henry VIII and is therefore sometimes called the Henrician Reformation • Henry didn’t really establish new ideas about religion, he just wanted England’s church independent • this gave England’s church its own power and influenced other states to establish their own churches.

  18. Culture • Henry was a Renaissance man - his court was a centre of scholarly and artistic innovation • The discovery of America or "The New World" set the stage for Henry's innovative attitude - Henry was among the first European rulers to learn about the true geography of the world, a revolutionary discovery • This discovery developed an atmosphere of exploration and discovery in the arts and sciences of which Henry took full advantage in his court and daily life • Henry is traditionally called one of the founders of the Royal Navy - his favourite ship was Mary Rose • Henry personally wrote letters mainly to Anne Boleyn and Thomas Wolsey, also some books and songs • His character inspired many artists – e.g. later painters, W. Shakespeare

  19. Mary Rose

  20. The end of life • Later in life, Henry was grossly overweight, with a waist measurement of 54 inches (137 cm) • possibly suffered from gout (dna) • The well known theory that he suffered from syphilis was first promoted approximately 100 years after his death • But also he gradually became ulcerated (pokrytý vředy) • He died on 28 January 1547 at the Palace of Whitehall (he died on what would have been his father's 90th birthday) • Henry VIII was buried in St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, next to his wife Jane Seymour • His successor was at first Edward VI, the first Protestant monarch in England

  21. Henry´s children

  22. Family

  23. Passing the throne to Edward VI

  24. Thank you for your attention

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