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Pierce Brosnan, Tom Knauff, John McTiernen

Pierce Brosnan, Tom Knauff, John McTiernen. SAFETY SEMINAR Lakeland, Florida February 2, 2,002. Tom Knauff. Flying Gliders Is Dangerous!. 2001 ACCIDENTS. From NTSB reports only. 38 reported accidents. (18 E, 20W) 6 fatalities (2 East, 4 West) www.ntsb.gov/NTSB/query.asp. Tom Knauff.

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Pierce Brosnan, Tom Knauff, John McTiernen

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  1. Pierce Brosnan, Tom Knauff, John McTiernen

  2. SAFETY SEMINARLakeland, FloridaFebruary 2, 2,002 • Tom Knauff

  3. Flying GlidersIs Dangerous!

  4. 2001 ACCIDENTS • From NTSB reports only. • 38 reported accidents. (18 E, 20W) • 6 fatalities (2 East, 4 West) www.ntsb.gov/NTSB/query.asp • Tom Knauff

  5. 2001 FATALITIESThe way I see it. Showing off – Discus CS Pushing limits - Nimbus 3DM Improper assembly – ASW-20 High on tow – Ka6 Medical? Inexperience? Showing off? SZD-55 Stall / spin – low power - Moni • Tom Knauff

  6. Since 196437 years activeglider flight training: Up to 2001, only 4 accidents we knew of. 2001 the first fatality. Two other accidents.

  7. National TransportationSafety BoardGlider FatalitiesSeventeen Years1983 - 2001

  8. USA GLIDER FATALITIES 128 Fatalities 7.1 per year

  9. Which is more dangerous? • Gliders? • Automobiles?

  10. AUTOMOBILES 41,000 Fatalities 1 in 6,463 GLIDERS 7 Fatalities 1 in 2,000 1997 STATISTICS • Tom Knauff

  11. “Flying is especially unforgiving of ignorance, errors or foolish behavior.” • Tom Knauff

  12. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”Alexander Pope(1688–1744) • Tom Knauff

  13. “We never really know what stupidity is until we have experimented on ourselves.”Paul Gauguin (1848–1903) • Tom Knauff

  14. “Just as going to church won’t make you religious,sleeping in your garage won’t make you a race car driver.”Garrison Keillor • Tom Knauff

  15. THE BASIC TRUTHPilots do not have the fundamental knowledge to allow them to fly safely.

  16. KNOWLEDGE IS THE KEY! If you don’t have it here: You can’t have it here. • Tom Knauff

  17. Four questionTEST

  18. In a steep, left turn, at a stable bank angle and airspeed, the controls will be held: A. Right aileron, right rudder, back stick. B. Left aileron, left rudder, back stick. C. Right aileron, left rudder, back stick. D. Left aileron, right rudder, back stick.

  19. During a left turn on aerotow, the glider pilot should see: A. The left side of the towplane. B. The right side of the towplane. C. Both sides of the towplane equally. D. Which side is not important as long as the glider is not too high.

  20. You are most likely to have a stall/spin accident during what three occasions? Answer Later

  21. Early on tow, you see the towplane waggling its rudder.What does this mean?

  22. Licensed Glider Pilots The average score on a longer, similar test is 34%

  23. WHEN ARE YOU AT MOST RISK? 1. Landing. 2. Takeoff. 3. Low altitude thermalling.

  24. NTSB STATISTICSTHE GREATEST RISK Takeoff 15% Unknown 7% In flight 14% Pattern & Landing 64% • Tom Knauff

  25. Aircraft 13% Environment 4% Pilot 83% GLIDER ACCIDENT CAUSES1992: 47 Accidents NTSB • Tom Knauff

  26. ACCIDENT CAUSAL FACTORS • A - ircraft • P - ilot • E - nvironment • S - ituation • Tom Knauff

  27. KNOWLEDGE IS THE KEY! If you don’t have it here: You can’t have it here. • Tom Knauff

  28. HOW DO WE CHANGE PILOT BEHAVIOR? • Examiners and CFI’s hold the key. • Everyone can help by actively being involved in safety. • Tom Knauff

  29. PILOT FACTORS • Knowledge • Skill • Judgment • Tom Knauff

  30. THE LEARNING PYRAMID Judgment Skills Experience Knowledge • Tom Knauff

  31. The pyramid of knowledge is made of thousands “blocks” of knowledge. Missing one or several makes the entire pyramid unstable.

  32. Here is the list of FAA licensing requirements:

  33. 1. FAR Part 1, 43, 61, 91, and 830. Eligibility requirements. Medical requirements. Personal log book. Glider pilot certificates; privileges, and limitations. Glider and tow pilot recency of experience requirements. Airworthiness and registration certificates. Maintenance requirements and records.General operating rules. Flight rules. Accident reporting. 2. Glider Flight Manual. Operating limitations, equipment list. Performance charts, tables and data. Weight and balance. Ballast and it’s effect on performance.

  34. 3. Glider Assembly, and Disassembly. 4. Flight Preparation and Planning. National airspace system. Controlled airspace. Special use airspace. Enroute checkpoints. Go ahead points. Using lift sources and speed between lift sources. Terrain considerations. Selecting landing areas. Personal equipment. Aeronautical Information Manual.Navigation, aeronautical charts. Cross country emergency procedures. Personal Equipment. High altitude. Varying terrain. Long distances. Climatic conditions. Oxygen systems. Parachutes.

  35. 6. Flight Instruments and Associated Aircraft Systems.Magnetic compass. Yaw string. Airspeed indicator.Altimeter. Variometer. Inclinometer. Total energy compensator. Gyroscopic instruments Electrical system Landing gear. Avionics 7. Soaring Weather. Recognition of critical weather situations and conditions suitable for soaring flight. Basic VFR weather minimums. Adverse weather conditions. 8. Pilot Weather Reports and Forecasts. Procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports & forecasts.Area and terminal forecasts. Winds & temperatures aloft. Severe weather watch bulletin. Surface analysis chart.Weather depiction chart.

  36. Radar summary chart.Composite moisture stability chart. Significant weather prognosis. Effect of density altitude and wind on performance. Severe weather outlook chart. SIGMET’s and AIRMET’s.NOTAM’s. PIREP’s. Wind shear reports. Estimating visibility. Making sound go-no-go decisions based on weather. 9. Stability Charts.Pressure and temperature lapse rates. Atmospheric instability. Thermal index. Thermal production. Cloud formation and identification. Frontal weather. Other lift sources. 10. Hazards Associated With Thunderstorms.

  37. 11. Preflight.Line inspections. Tie down. Control lock and wheel chock removal. Ice and frost removal. Written checklists.Flight control Proper assembly. Personal equipment.Tow rope, weak links, tow line inspection, releases. Launch equipment inspection –tow hitches, releases. Structural damage.Noting discrepancies. Ground handling. Post flight procedures. 12.Launches, Aerotow and/or Ground tows. Surface operations. Pre-takeoff checklists. Takeoff. Aerotow, including airspeeds. High or low tows. Signals. Safety precautions. Release procedures. Slack towline procedures.Boxing the propwash. Wake turbulence.

  38. 13.Aerotow, Abnormal Procedures. Towplane power loss during takeoff. Towplane power failure at altitude. Glider release failure. Towline break during takeoff. Glider and towplane release failure. Purposing. 14.Precision Maneuvering. Straight glides. Turns, Shallow, medium, steep turns. Flight at minimum controllable airspeed. Imminent forward and turning stalls. Full stalls, forward stalls. Spirals. Spin entry, spins, spin recovery technique. Collision avoidance. Turns to headings. 15. Critical Performance Speeds. Never exceed speed. Minimum sink speed. Maneuvering speed. Rough air redline. Speed to fly. Best glide speed.

  39. 16.TrafficPatterns. Entry and departure procedures Co-existing traffic patterns. Rules. Pre-landing checklist. Collision avoidance.Wake turbulence 17.Normal Landings. Use of dive brakes, spoilers, and flaps. Accuracy approaches and landings. Faulty approaches. Sideslips, forward slips, turning slips. 18. Crosswind Takeoffs and Landings. 19. Downwind Landings. 20. Ground Reference Maneuvers. 21. Off Field Landings (simulated). 22. Emergency Procedures, and Equipment Malfunctions.

  40. 23.Exercising Judgment.Correct aircraft control and sound judgment in decision making. 24.Soaring Techniques.Thermal Soaring. Ridge and slope soaring. Wave soaring. Mountain soaring. Convergence lift 25. Recovery From Unusual Attitudes. High speed spirals. Excessive bank angles. Excessive pitch angles. Crossed control stalls. High sink rates. 26.Medical Factors. 27. Cross Country Emergency Conditions and terrain problems. 28.Flight Test.Fight test requirements. Written test requirements.Use of distractions during flight test.

  41. TEACHING FUNDEMENTALS Learning begins at the Rote level. • Tom Knauff

  42. Rote learning is memorizing facts.

  43. HOW PEOPLE LEARN SIGHT • Tom Knauff

  44. Stuff you should know about stalls. • Tom Knauff

  45. HOW IMPORTANT IS STALL TRAINING? NTSB and AOPA studies show up to 3/4 of all fatal accidents are the result of stalling. • Tom Knauff

  46. WHAT ARE WE SUPPOSED TO TEACH? FAA Flight Training Handbook(AC 61-21A) Page 144 “Fundamentals of Stall Recovery” “During the practice of intentional stalls, the real objective is not to learn how to stall an airplane, but to learn how to recognize an incipient stall and take prompt corrective action.” • Tom Knauff

  47. HOW MANY SIGNS? • Tom Knauff

  48. Tom Knauff

  49. TEST - HOW TO RECOGNIZE A STALL What are the signs of a stall? 1. Excessive Back Stick Pressure. 2. Nose High Attitude. 3. Low Airspeed. 4. Quiet 5. Ineffective Controls. 6. Shudder or Buffet. • Tom Knauff

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