Unit 4

1. Unit 4

2. Course Contents • Listening and Speaking • Text A • Exercises • Grammar • Practical Writing

3. Listening and Speaking • Lead-inwhat activities do you like?

4. Listening and Speaking • Discussion Useful expressions of warming-up • My name is …/ I like …. • I am interested … • I like to … • I ‘d love to …. • My hobbies are…

5. Expressing Likes and Dislikes 3. Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.1 • Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words and expressions which may be new to you. feel like sth. 想做什么 get one’s mind off work 抛开工作 take it easy 放松一些 do sb. good 对某人有好处 stand 经受；经得起 give it a try尝试一下 Walkman 随身听

6. Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Li Ming: What do you think of the movie? Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.7 was great _________ _____________ someone talks Wang Ying: That ! But I can’t stand it when during a movie. Li Ming: I feel the same way. You know, I can’t stand it when . people are late _____________ Wang Ying: You’re talking , right? _________ about me Li Ming: Well. Wang Ying: It’s OK. I when people are direct. _______ like it Li Ming:You want a ? _____ drink Wang Ying: Yes, please.

7. Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions. Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.8 1.Where have Wang Ying and Li Ming been? They’ve been to the movies. 2.How was the movie? It was great. 3.What does Wang Ying dislike? She can't stand it when someone talks during a movie. 4.What does Li Ming dislike? He hates it when people are late. 5.Who do you think is direct? Li Ming.

8. Listen to the following short talk and fill in the blanks with the missing words. The talk is given twice. 2. Listening Practice8 On a windy day, it may seem to you that the wind is blowing . Then you hear the weather report, and it says, “Winds of 10 to 15 miles per hour.” It’s easy for us to about the speed of the wind. But the exact(精确的) wind speed to many people, so there are scientific (科学的) ways of measuring the wind. The first tool for measuring the speed of the wind in 1667 by an Englishman named Robert Hooke. The tool is called an anemometer(风速机). There are of anemometers, but the most common type now used has a number of aluminum(铝) cups on a spindle(杆). They are free to turn , and the harder the wind blows, the faster the cups will . By counting the number of turns made by the cups in a given time, may be measured. 155 words at great speed ____________ ___________ be fooled __________ is important was invented ___________ __________ many kinds with the wind ___________ will turn ________ __________________ the speed of the wind

9. 9. Listen to the talk again and then answer the following questions orally. Listening Practice9 1. How do we usually know about wind speed? By listening to the weather report. 2. What is important to many people? The exact wind speed. 3. Where was the first tool for measuring the speed of the wind invented? In England. 4. What is the tool made up of? It’s made up of a spindle and a number of aluminum cups. 5. How can we measure the speed of the wind？ By counting the number of turns made by the cups in a given time.

10. homework Think about your living environment — its places and people — and tell your classmates about your likes and dislikes using the language you learned in Exercises 2 & 4.

11. Reading & Writing Reading & Writing Text A Run Like the Wind Text A Exercises Grammar Review Practical Writing Text B Exercise: What Can It Do for You? Text B Exercises Text C Walk, Don’t Run Comprehension of the Text Basic Reading Skills

12. Text A Starter For many of us, running like the wind sounds like a dream that may never come true. How fast can you run? Find out who is the best runner in class. Ask the best runner how he or she manages to do it. starter __________ The name of the best runner is . He/She can run 100 meters in seconds. He/She can run so fast because . __________ __________ Now read the following passage and find out what advice the author gives us in order to run fast.

13. CH Text A Run Like the Wind articler1 Kristen Hoel 1 Not many kids know this, but a person can actually learn how to run faster. It’s true. Even the slowest person on the playground can becomea fast runner by learning and practicing running techniques. Here’s how! N

14. CH Text A Articler2-5 The Basic Skills 2There are two basic skills needed for running: speed and endurance. 3 Speed is the measure of how fast a person can run. 4 Endurance is the measure of how far a person can run. N 5 Most sports requireathletes to be skilled at both speed and endurance. Football players, for example, use speed whenmaking a play and endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game. Both speed and endurance can be learned. N ?

15. CH Text A The Secrets of Speed 6To run fast, an athlete must use a special running technique known as sprinting. Here’s how it works: 7 First, think of the foot as four separate parts: 1. heel, 2. arch, 3. pad, 4. toes. 8 When sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes. The athlete strikes the ground with the pad of the foot, then pushes off with the toes. (The heels never touch the ground!) By using only these two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased. 9 Another part of sprinting technique is the use of the arms. It may soundsilly, but the arms actually do help us run faster. 10 A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing the sprinting technique in his backyard or playground. It may take some time to perfect, but as with any other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better one becomes! Articler6-10 N N N ?

16. CH Text A The Keys to Endurance Articler11-14 11 The second running skill is endurance. An athlete needs good endurance to be able to run for a long time without getting tired. This is a very important skill in most sports. 12The key to endurance running is to conserveenergy. This means using as little energy as needed to move oneself forward. As with sprinting, there is a technique runners use to help them become better endurance runners. This technique is known as the gravity pull technique. Here’s how it works: 13First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep hisbalance. Finally — and here’s the tricky part — he stays in that position for the entire course of the run! 14 It takes quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this technique. However, by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward, rather thanhaving to use his own energy to push himself forward. Isn’t that clever? N N N ?

17. CH Text A Conclusion Articler15 15 Athletes in nearly every sport use both speed and endurance. The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying and practicing these running techniques. The funny thing is that hardly anyone knows this! (483 words) N ?

18. Articler1_popwin_T 跑得飞快 克里斯坦·赫尔 知道这一点的孩子并不多，但实际上一个人可以学会跑得更快。这是真的。即使运动场上跑得最慢的人也可以通过学习和练习跑的技术成为一个跑得快的人。办法如下： Chinese Version 基本技术 跑需要的基本技能有两种：速度和耐力。 速度测量的是一个人能够跑多快。 耐力测量的是一个人能够跑多远。 大多数体育项目都要求运动员在速度和耐力两方面均技术娴熟。例如，足球运动员在做动作时要用速度，而要在整场比赛中能在球场上来回奔跑则需要耐力。速度和耐力都可以学会。

19. Chinese Version 速度的秘密 一个运动员要跑得快就必须运用一种特殊的奔跑技术，这种技术通常被称作冲刺。冲刺的技术要领如下： 首先，把脚看作四个不同的部分：1. 脚跟； 2. 足弓； 3. 足垫； 4. 脚趾。 在冲刺时，运动员只用脚的两部分，即足垫和脚趾。运动员用足垫撞击地面，然后用脚趾推动向前。（脚跟从不接触地面！）这样只用两部分，脚步就会加快，速度就会提高。 冲刺技术的另外一个部分是双臂的运用。这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的确能帮助我们跑得更快。 年轻的运动员可以在自家的后院或运动场上练习冲刺技术以提高自己的速度。要达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常，技术越熟练！ 增强耐力之要诀 第二项跑的技能是耐力。运动员需要很好的耐力才能跑很长的时间而不疲劳。在大多数体育项目中这都是一项非常重要的技能。 耐力跑的要诀是保存能量。这意味着用所需的最小能量使自己向前移动。像冲刺一样，也有一项技术可用来帮助跑步者成为好的耐力跑步者。这项技术通常被称作重力引力技术。其技术要领如下： 首先，运动员前倾的幅度不要太大，只要使他不停地向前跨步使自己不致摔倒即可。其次，摆臂的幅度要大，以保持身体平衡。最后——这是很难对付的一部分——在跑的整个过程中一直保持这种姿势。 在这项技术上达到熟练程度需要进行相当多的练习。然而，用这种方式跑，运动员就可以运用重力的引力向前跑。这样做不是很聪明吗？

20. Chinese Version • 结论 • 几乎每个体育项目的运动员都要运用速度和耐力。令人高兴的是，任何人都可以通过学习和练习这些跑的技术成为一名更好的运动员。奇怪的是，几乎没有人知道这一点！

21. Language Points Articler1_popwin_kid kid //: n. child or young person 小孩；年轻人 actually //: ad. really; in fact 实际上 I didn’t actually see her — I just heard her voice. Actually, I’m busy at the moment — can I phone you back? playground / /: n. area of land where children play, e.g. as part of a school (学校的)操场，运动场

22. Language Points Articler1_popwin_S_Even the… Even the slowest person on the playground can become a fast runner by learning and practicing running techniques. 即使运动场上跑得最慢的人也可以通过学习和练习跑的技术成为一个跑得快的人。 句中的介词by + 动名词短语(learning and practicing running techniques)作状语，表示方式。 课文中多处使用这种结构。如第八段中：By using only the two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased. 第十段中：A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing the sprinting technique in his backyard or playground. 以及最后一段中：The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying and practicing these running techniques.

23. T T Language Points Articler1_popwin_technique technique //: n. method of doing or performing sth. 技术；方法；手段 e.g. farming techniques She is working with her piano teacher to improve her technique. 农业技术 她正在钢琴老师的帮助下提高自己的演奏技巧。

24. 1) What are the two basic skills needed for running? Articler2-5_popwin_Q Speed and endurance. 2) What is speed? And what is endurance? Speed is the measure of how fast a person can run. Endurance is the measure of how far a person can run. 3) How do athletes, football players, for example, use speed and endurance in sports? Athletes, football players, for example, use speed when making a play and endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game.

25. Language Points Articler2-5_popwin_S_There are… There are two basic skills needed for running: speed and endurance. = There are two basic skills that / which are needed for running: speed and endurance. basic //: a.simplest or lowest in level 基本的 speed //: n.rate at which sb./sth. moves 速度；速率 require /wa/: vt.depend on (sb./sth.) for success, fulfillment, etc.; need 有赖于；需要 athlete //: n.person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports 运动员

26. 4) Which parts of the foot do runners use when employing the sprinting technique? What is the effect（效果，作用）of this? Articler6-10_popwin_Q They use only two parts of the foot — the pad and the toes. By using these two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased. 5) Does the sprinting technique only involve（包含）the right use of one’s foot? No, it doesn’t. It also involves the use of arms. 6) How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill? Athletes can perfect their sprinting skill by practice. The more often they practice, the better they become.

27. Language Points Article6-10_popwin_sprint sprint //: v. & n.(短距离的)全速奔跑；冲刺 known as: called or labeled as 被称为，被标明为 known as: called or labeled as 被称为，被标明为 think of… as: regard… as 把…看作 separate / /: 1. a. forming a unit by itself; existing apart 单独存在的；分开的 heel //: n. back part of the human foot 脚后跟

28. Language Points Articler6-10_popwin_ arch arch //: n.足弓；拱；拱门；拱型结构 pad //: n.足垫；垫；衬垫；拍纸簿 toe //: n. each of the five divisions of the front part of the human foot 脚趾 touch //: vt. feel (sth.) with one’s hands or another part of his body 触摸；碰 increase //: v. become or make greater in number, quantity, size, etc. 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等）

29. T T T T Language Points It may sound silly, but the arms actually do help us run faster. 这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的确能帮助我们跑得更快。 “sound” 在该句中用作连系动词，意为“听起来，似乎”， 之后要跟表语。这一类可用作为连系动词的动词还有look “看起来”, smell “有…的气味”等。 Articler6-10_popwin_ S_It may sound silly, … e.g. He looks awful. The food smells good. 他面色很难看。 这食物闻起来很香。 句中 “do” 表示强调。“do”, “does”, “did” 皆可用来表示强调，意为 “的确，确实”。 e.g. I do feel sorry for Mary. He did find a regular job. 我真的为玛丽感到难过。 他确实找到了一份固定工作。

30. Language Points Articler6-10_popwin_ yard yard //: n.院子；天井；庭院；码（英美长度单位，1码=3英尺，合0.9144米） backyard //: n.后院 It may take some time to perfect, but as with any other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better one becomes! 要达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常，技术越熟练！ the more… the more 相当于汉语中的“越…越…”，表示两个过程按比例同时增或减。这种句型的前一个 the more… 结构是从句，后一个 the more… 结构是主句。

31. 7) Why is good endurance important in running? Articler11-14_popwin_ Q1 Good endurance is important in running because it enables an athlete to run for a long time without getting tired. 8) What is the key to endurance running? The key to endurance running is to conserve energy.

32. 9) What is the gravity pull technique? How does it work? Articler11-14_popwin_ Q2 The gravity pull technique is a technique which enables an athlete to use the pull of gravity to move himself forward rather than using his own energy. It works in this way: First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep his balance. Third, he stays in that position for the entire course of the run.

33. Language Points Articler11-14_popwin_ gravity gravity //: n.万有引力;地心引力;重力 lean //: vi. be in a sloping position; bend 倾斜;弯曲;屈身 keep from: prevent (oneself) from doing sth.; stop (oneself) doing sth. 克制（自己）不做某事 keep from: prevent (oneself) from doing sth.; stop (oneself) doing sth. 克制（自己）不做某事 swing //: (swung //) 1. v.(使)摆动,(使)摇动 2.n.摆动,摇摆;秋千

34. T Language Points Articler11-14_popwin_ keep one’s balance keep one’s balance: keep steady; remain upright 保持平衡；立稳 e.g. It is difficult to keep one’s balance on an icy pavement. 在结冰的人行道上很难保持身体平衡。 balance //: 1. n.平衡,均衡;天平;秤 2. vt.使平衡;(用天平)称;权衡

35. T T Language Points Articler11-14_popwin_ course: course //: n. movement from one point to another in space or time 过程；进程 e.g. the course of history In the course of our journey, I told her everything. 历史的进程 在旅途中我把一切都告诉了她。 quite a bit (of): a large amount (of) 大量 tricky /r/: a. difficult to answer or deal with 难以回答的;难对付的;棘手的

36. Language Points Articler11-14_popwin_ position position //: n. particular way of standing, sitting, etc.; place where sb./sth. is; person’s rank or place; person’s job or responsibility 姿势,姿态;位置;地位;职位 be known as: be regarded or called as 被认为是；被叫作，被称作

37. Language Points Articler11-14_popwin_ S_First, the athlete First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from falling. 首先，运动员前倾的幅度不要太大，只要使他不停地向前跨步使自己不致摔倒即可。 However, by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward, rather than having to use his own energy to push himself forward. 然而，用这种方式跑，运动员就可以 运用重力的引力，而无须非凭借自身的体力向前跑。

38. 10) What is the nice thing and the funny thing about the two running techniques? Articler15_popwin_ Q The nice thing is that everybody can become a better athlete by learning and practicing these running techniques; the funny thing is that hardly anyone knows this.

39. Language Points Articler15_popwin_ conclusion conclusion //: n. opinion, decision or judgement arrived at after some thought 结论 funny // causing amusement, laughter, etc.; difficult to explain or understand; strange 可笑的；难以理解的；奇怪的 anyone //: pron. any person 任何人 The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying and practicing these running techniques. The funny thing is that hardly anyone knows this! 令人高兴的是，任何人都可以通过学习和练习这些跑的技术成为一名更好的运动员。奇怪的是，几乎没有人知道这一点！

40. Text A Exercises Reading Aloud Ex_TextA Understanding the Text Reading Analysis Vocabulary Structure Translation

41. Reading Aloud 1. Read the following paragraphs until you have learned them by heart. The second running skill is endurance. An athlete needs good endurance to be able to run for a long time without getting tired. This is a very important skill in most sports. The key to endurance running is to conserve energy. This means using as little energy as needed to move oneself forward. As with sprinting, there is a technique runners use to help them become better endurance runners. This technique is known as the gravity pull technique. Here’s how it works: First, the athlete leans forward just enough so that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep his balance. Finally — and here’s the tricky part — he stays in that position for the entire course of the run! It takes quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this technique. However, by running this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward, rather than having to use his own energy to push himself forward. Isn’t that clever? Ex_1

42. Understanding the Text 2. Answer the following questions. Ex_2 1.What are the two basic skills needed for running? 2.What is speed? And what is endurance? 3.How do athletes, such as football players, use speed and endurance in sports? 4.Which parts of the foot do runners use when employing the sprinting technique? What is the effect（效果，作用）of it? 5.Does sprinting technique only involve（包含）the right use of one’s foot? 6.How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill? 7.Why is good endurance important in running? 8.What is the key to endurance running? 9.What is the gravity pull technique? How does it work? 10.What is the nice thing and the funny thing about the two running techniques?

43. Topics for Discussion. 3. Ex_3 1. Do you like running? Why or why not? 2. Running, especially distance running, is a test of one’s endurance. Is endurance also important in doing other things? Discuss the importance of endurance in your work and study.

44. Reading Analysis 4. Read Text A again and complete the following table. Part Topic Paragraph(s) Main Idea Ex_4 __________ ___________________________ All people can run faster if they learn and practice running techniques. Ⅰ Introduction 1 Speed and endurance Two basic skills are the two basic skills that athletes need to succeed. __________________ ____ 2-5 Ⅱ __________ _________ The Secrets of Speed Using the sprinting technique helps athletes . Ⅲ 6-10 _________ run faster The key to endurance Using the gravity pull technique helps athletes . _____ Ⅳ 11-14 run longer __________ Everyone can become a better runner _______________________________ if he or she has learnt the running techniques. Ⅴ 15 Conclusion __________

45. actually energy entire increase position require secret separate skilled special speed touch Vocabulary 5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary. Ex_5.1 • Those buildings are so tall that they seem to the sky. touch ______ ______ 2. We need someone with and enthusiasm（热情) to do this job. energy speed 3. He was driving at a of 90 miles per hour on his way home. ______ 4. Of course he is our landlord（房东）; he owns the building. ______ entire 5. Is there anything that you’d like to do this afternoon, Peter? special ______ 6. China’s GDP(国内生产总值) by 9.1 percent in 2003. increased ________

46. actually energy entire increase position require secret separate skilled special speed touch Ex_5.3 7. Believe it or not, our foreign teacher is quite at cooking Chinese dishes. skilled _____ 8. She seems so quiet, but she likes to talk. _______ actually 9. This word has four meanings. separate _______ 10. You are by law to stop your car after an accident（事故）. required _______ 11. What’s your for looking so young? ______ secret 12. I go to sleep on my back but I always wake up in a different . position _______

47. keep from keep one’s balance known as quite a bit (of) rather than think of… as up and down 6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. Ex_6.1 1. She was running outside her house, shouting for help. __________ up and down ____ ____ 2. The noise from the next door me sleeping last night. kept from 3. The disease is more commonly Mad Cow Disease. known as ________ 4. He is having trouble with his car, isn’t he? quite a bit of __________ keep her balance ______________ 5. The little girl had to hold onto the railings（扶手）to . _________ 6. I prefer to live near my work spend a lot of time travelling every day. rather than think of as 7. I used to him someone who would always help me, but I was wrong. _______ ___

48. Model: The more often one practices, the better one becomes! Structure Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English, using “the more… the more” structure. 7. Ex_7 • , the more likely you are to win the race. • （你跑得越快） • 2. Actually the less she worried, .（她干得越好） • 3. , the easier things are. • （人们掌握的信息越多） • 4. The more I read the poem（诗）, .（我越喜欢它） ________________ The faster you run __________________ the better she worked ____________________________ The more information people have the more I liked it ______________

49. 8. Rewrite the following sentences according to the model, omitting what can be omitted. Ex_8.1 Model: When he is sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes. →When sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes.1． • Though it is small, the restaurant offers nice food and good service. Though small, the restaurant offers nice food and good service. ___________________________________________________________ 2. While I was sitting there, I examined every part of the room. ___________________________________________________________ While sitting there, I examined every part of the room.

50. 3. When he was crossing the street, Tom was hit by a car. When crossing the street, Tom was hit by a car. Ex_8.2 ___________________________________________________________ 4. The teacher spoke slowly as if she was trying to impress every word on our minds. The teacher spoke slowly as if trying to impress every word on our minds. ___________________________________________________________