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Behavioral Therapies

Behavioral Therapies. AP PSYCH CH 13. Behavioral Therapies. A.k.a. behavior modification 2 nd main branch of psychotherapies Is based on the principles of behavioral learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Behaviors are LEARNED so they can be UNLEARNED

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Behavioral Therapies

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  1. Behavioral Therapies AP PSYCH CH 13

  2. Behavioral Therapies • A.k.a. behavior modification • 2nd main branch of psychotherapies • Is based on the principles of behavioral learning • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Behaviors are LEARNED so they can be UNLEARNED • Focus on changing patient’s RESPONSE • Effective for treatment of bad habits, fears, addictions, aggression, compulsions, depression, delinquent behaviors

  3. C.C. Therapiesa history • Mary Corver Jones – 1st person to implement behavioral therapy • Peter feared rabbits. Brought it closer and closer to him while he was eating. • Bed wetting – fluid-sensitive pad placed under patient. Moisture sets off alarm, patient wakes up. Effective in 75% of cases.

  4. C.C. Review • UCS • Naturally elicits the • UCR • NS • Is paired with the UCS, becomes the • CS • Which elicits the • CR • Which is usually the same as the UCR

  5. C.C. TherapiesSystematic Desensitization • Anxiety disorders • Anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus • First used by Joseph Wolpe • Process: • Training program that teaches relaxation techniques • While they are relaxed, introduce thoughts about anxiety provoking situation • Work through a hierarchy, until exposed to that fear • GOAL: Learn to form a new association. Replace anxiety with relaxation.

  6. Sample Anxiety Hierarchy • For fear of public speaking • Seeing a picture of another person giving a speech • Watch another person give a speech • Prepare a speech that I will give • Having to introduce myself to a large group • Waiting to be called upon to speak in a meeting • Begin introduced as a speaking to a group • Walking to the podium to make a speech • Making a speech to a large group

  7. Another form of systematic desensitization • Exposure therapy – patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus

  8. C.C. TherapiesAversion Therapy • Pair stimulus (behavior) that patient wants to stop with an unpleasant (aversive) stimuli • Used to treat smoking, drug use, alcoholism, violent aggressions, sexual behaviors (pedophilia), overeating • Unpleasant stimulus could be a foul odor, nausea inducing pill, shock UCS (foul odor) causes UCR (nausea) CR paired with CS (cigarette smoking)

  9. Operant Conditioning TherapiesContingency Management • REVIEW: Based on rewards and punishments • Rewards increase chance behavior will occur • Punishments decrease chance behavior will occur • Positive – adding something • Negative – taking something away • Contingency Management – changing behavior by altering the consequences of behavior • Managing behavior problems; can be used effectively for children with A.S.D.

  10. O.C. TherapiesToken Economies • REVIEW • Applied to groups • Involves distribution of “tokens” for desired behaviors • Redeem tokens for items or privileges • Works well for mental patients and prisoners • PROBLEM: • Once reward ends, behavior often also ends

  11. Observational Learning TherapyParticipant Modeling • Fears and anxieties can be LEARNED by OBSERVING others • Parents unknowingly teach their children many fears • So, fears can also be unlearned by observation • PARTICIPANT MODELING: • Therapist demonstrates a desired behavior and encourages client to imitate

  12. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  13. CBT • Combines emphasis on thoughts with behavioral strategies • Changes the way people approach problems and develop new skills and self-efficacy • Modify irrational thoughts and replace with constructive coping statements • Set attainable behavioral goals • Develop strategies for attaining goals • Evaluate results

  14. Form of CBT:Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy • Developed by Albert Ellis • Goal: to help people eliminate self-defeating thought patterns • Based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors cause mental disorders • Ellis believed that many people hold unrealistic values and goals • Neurotic goals lead to unrealistic expectations • Ex: we cannot ALWAYS succeed • Being unable to meet goals can control our actions, stall us from leading best life • Treatment: includes changing irrational thoughts to rational ones • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cOLJBPQZRA&list=PLfGOx-4FZikOvYe2aerIhRnqsEN5P1x4M

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