Oddities – Subscripts, Punctuation, Enclitics and Proclitics

1. Oddities – Subscripts, Punctuation, Enclitics and Proclitics

2. Iota Subscript • Iota + a, h, or w when not used as proper diphthongs requires the use of iota subscripts • The iota subscript is a small mark placed under the vowel • It can be pronounced as the long form of the vowel or as follows: • ´ = ah gliding into ee • Í = eh gliding into ee • ù = aw gliding into ee

3. Punctuation • Greeks used little spacing or punctuation • In the late period, four marks were developed: • Comma (exactly as in English) • Period (exactly as in English) • Colon (dot placed high on the line) • Question mark (looks like an English semi-colon)

4. Proclitics • Proclitics are one-syllable words that lack their own accent and so they attach themselves to the following word • Examples: • oÙ (not) • e„ (if) • æj (as) • nominative singular and plural forms of the definite article (  oƒ aƒ )

5. Enclitics • Enclitics lack their own accent, but they attach themselves to the previous word • The most important of the enclitics to learn is the present indicative forms of the verb “to be” • Enclitics can affect the accent of the previous word