Unit 5: Capitalization and Punctuation

1. Unit 5: Capitalization and Punctuation

2. 5-1 Correct Sentences Which sentence is a statement? Which is a question? statement He jabbed his hands into his pockets and sighed. Why couldn’t he get his room straight? question

3. 5-1 • You must show where a sentence begins and ends. • Use a capital letter to show where it begins, and an end mark to show where it ends. Statement/Command = period ( . ) Question = question mark ( ? ) Exclamation = exclamation point ( ! )

4. 5-1 How would you write these sentences? 1. we are making dinner would you like to help 2. do you need an apron please find the large pot 3. pour in some ketchup 4. did you remember to add the peanut butter 5. i’ll chop the cabbage what a great stew this will be

5. 5-1 Find the two missing capital letters and five missing end marks. Host: Please welcome the author of There’s a Bird’s Nest in My Soup?What an amazing book this is Where do swiftlets live? Author: They live high up on cliffs people climb to get the nests Host: What a dangerous job that must be Author: it is a traditional skill passed down from father to son.

6. 5-2 Names of People and Pets What’s wrong with this sentence? How can you fix it? D B dr. belle e. ache cures stomach problems. E A

7. 5-2 • A proper noun begins with a capital letter. • Always capitalize the names of people and pets. • Capitalize titles and initials that are used with names. Mario Gomez Miss Diane DawsonDr. Richard Cohen U.R. Wright Mrs. Carol M. Ling Governor J. Bryant Mr. Todd Ross Ms. E.S. Ryan Sparky

8. 5-2 • Capitalize family titles when they are used as names or as parts of names. Today Grandmotherarrived. Did Uncle Harry bring worms? • Do not capitalize family titles when they are not used as names. My grandmothertook us fishing. Our unclepaddled the canoe.

9. 5-2 Where should you use capital letters? 1. Every morning aunt helen reads the newspaper. 2. Today a photo of mr.danjohnson is on the front page. 3. He and james p. mullen just ran a marathon. 4. Did governor garcia give them a special award? 5. On the next page is a short story about rosaperez.

10. 5-2 Find the seven missing or incorrect capital letters. Fourth Grader Starts Business Marie frasier has her own business. It all began when her neighbor Alex p. Sloan was planning a trip to visit his Aunt. He said, “Can I hire you to walk brownie while I visit aunt Rachel?” Since then, miss Lena Chin has hired Marie to walk her dog. dr. Victor Ortiz also hired the girl to care for his cat.

11. 5-3 Names of Places and Things Name the common nouns and the proper nouns. common proper proper One morning in August 1954, Sadako Sasaki looked up at the blue sky over Hiroshima and saw not a cloud in the sky. proper common common common

12. 5-3 • Always capitalize the names of particular places and things. • When a proper noun is more than one word, begin each important word with a capital letter.

13. 5-3 Places Yankee Doodle Road Eagan Minnesota Mill City Museum Wabasha Caves Boundary Waters Canoe Area Mississippi River Things Monday Thursday February August Flag Day Fourthof July Girl Scouts Minnesota Twins days months holidays groups

14. 5-3 Which words need capital letters? 1. My pen pal from japan is coming to visit. 2. He plans to arrive in ocean city next tuesday. 3. We’ll visit the seaside museum if he isn’t too tired. 4. Then we can go to pacific park or rocky road. 5. Afterward we can watch the miami dolphins play football.

15. 5-3 Find the eight missing or incorrect capital letters. I hear you are planning a visit to Colorado. You will love hiking in the Rocky mountains! Be sure to visit the Buffalo Bill wax Museum too. It is on West Manitou avenue in Colorado springs. Go to a park called Garden Of The Gods. I saw some awesome rock formations when I was there last September. I went with the Roxbury Hiking club.

16. 5-4 Abbreviations Which words can you shorten to make this sign look better on the truck? Mr. Mister Bucky Buckette’s Cleaning Company Co.

17. Abbreviation = shortened form of a word • Most start with a capital letter and end with a period. • Used in special kinds of writing, like addresses and lists.

18. 5-4 Titles: Mr. Mister Sr. Senior Mrs.  married woman Jr.  Junior Dr.  Doctor Ms.  any woman Addresses: Rd. RoadAve. Avenue Co. Company St. Street Blvd.Boulevard P.O.  Post Office Months: Jan. JanuaryApr. April Sept.September Days: Sun.Sunday Wed.Wednesday Thurs. Thursday

19. 5-4 What is the correct abbreviation for each underlined word? Co. 1. Marina Boat Company 2. Monument Valley, Utah UT Jr. 3. A.J. PykeJunior Tues. 4. Tuesday, April 5 Dr. 5. Doctor Ramon

20. 5-4 Find the eight incorrect abbreviations. Wayne Hubbard Jun. P O Box 300 Provo, UT 84603 Pilgrim Paint Comp. 42 Brush Hill Blvd. Stowe, VT 05672 Mr. Aram Zakiam 1875 Summit Rd Columbus, OH. 43201 Dr Bonnie Buckman 1015 Timberlane Av. Mobile, Al 36609

21. 5-5 Commas in a Series Read the sentence aloud. When do you pause? Why? pause His mother prepared warm flour tortillas, fried eggs, and fresh salsa for breakfast. pause

22. 5-5 • When you write, you must use a comma to tell your reader where to pause. • Commas help make the meaning of a sentence clear.

23. 5-5 Incorrect: Evan bought oatmeal bread cheese and nuts. How many things did Evan buy? Correct: Evan bought oatmeal, bread, cheese, and nuts.

24. 5-5 Incorrect: Carter likes to ski swim or play tennis. How many sports does Carter enjoy? Correct: Carter likes to ski, swim, or play tennis.

25. Where are commas needed? 5-5 , , 1. Gold is found in California Idaho and Georgia. , , 2. Tim Kara and David are learning to pan for gold. 3. They scoop and toss dirt into a pan. , , 4. Then they sift shake and slosh the gravel. , , 5. Pebbles sand and gold are left in the pan.

26. 5-5 Find seven missing or incorrect commas. The Gold Rush Newspapers in Boston New York, and Philadelphia told amazing stories about the gold in California. People sailed, rode or walked to the region. They lived in tents, huts and shacks. Few became rich. Some suffered starved, and died. Other quit packed up, and left. However, many people stayed. They became storekeepers farmers, and, teachers.

27. 5-6 More Uses for Commas What punctuation mark should you add to the second sentence to make it correct? Where did the horse get her wedding outfit, Allie? Well I guess she got it at the bridle shop. ,

28. 5-6 • When you speak, you pause briefly if you begin to answer a question with yes, no, or well. • Use a comma after these words to show the pause. Yes,I gave the horse some oats. No, I haven’t brushed his coat. Well, you can clean his hoofs tomorrow.

29. 5-6 • Sometimes you use a person’s name when you speak directly to that person. • When you write, use a comma to set off the name of the person who is being spoken to. Mariko,are you riding with us? We wondered, Mariko, which trail to take. We’re really happy that you’re joining us, Mariko!

30. 5-6 Why commas are important… When hunting, lions hide in the bushes. When hunting lions, hide in the bushes. Let’s eat, Grandma! Let’s eat Grandma!

31. Where are commas needed? 5-6 , 1. Brad have we always had horses in this country? , 2. No explorers brought them in the 1500s. , 3. They left some horses here Christopher. , 4. Well did many people use the horses? , , 5. Later Eric horses pulled the pioneers’ wagons.

32. 5-6 Find eight missing commas. Mark: Do you know Dad, about the wild horses out west? Well there isn’t enough grass for them to eat. Dad: That’s a serious problem, Mark. Mark: Yes I agree. Dad the government wants people to adopt these horses. Dad: I know what’s coming next Mark. No we can’t have a horse in the city. Mark: Wait Dad until I tell you my plan!

33. 5-7 Quotation Marks What did the cat say? How can you tell? “What a glorious supper!” said the cat.

34. 5-7 • direct quotation = exact words of a speaker • Use quotation marks before and after a speaker’s exact words. • Do not put quotation marks around the words that explain who is talking.

35. 5-7 • Do not use quotation marks unless you give the exactwords of the speaker. Mr. Stuart said that we would write fables today. Mr. Stuart said, “We will write fables today.”

36. Where should the quoation marks be placed? 5-7 1. Ms. Diaz asked, Have you read Aesop’s fables? 2. I’ve read them all! Nick exclaimed. 3. James explained that the characters are talking animals. 4. Melissa told us that each story teaches a lesson. 5. Aesop lived over two thousand years ago, Kelly added.

37. 5-7 Find the eight missing or incorrect quotation marks. I’ll win this race easily,” the hare bragged. The tortoise replied, We shall see. The crowd yelled “that the hare was way ahead.” Then he announced, “I think I will stop for a little snooze.” The tortoise kept going until he crossed the finish line. Where is the hare?” he asked. The hare is still napping! yelled the crowd.

38. 5-8 Quotations What two punctuation marks should you switch to make the sentence correct? “Does Polly want a cracker.” Emily asked?

39. 5-8 • Always capitalize the first letter of a quote. • When the quote comes last, use a comma to separate it from the words that tell who is speaking. • The punctuation always goes inside the last quotations marks.

40. 5-8 Brittany said, “All birds have feathers.” Hideki asked, “Can all birds fly?” Lauren said, “Look at the tiny hummingbird.”

41. 5-8 • When a quote is a statement or command and comes first, put a comma inside the quotes. • If it is a question or exclamation, put the question mark or exclamation point inside the last quotation marks. • A period always follows the last word in a sentence.

42. 5-8 “Say hello to Pauline,” Renee suggested. “Pauline is a parrot!” I exclaimed. “Does she know how to talk?” Renee questioned.

43. 5-8 How would you capitalize and punctuate each sentence? 1. Jay shouted there must be thirty birds here 2. Robin said I guess they like our bird feeder 3. Polly added they’re eating all the sunflower seeds 4. what kind of bird is that I asked 5. Look it up in our bird book Robin said

44. 5-8 Find the six missing or incorrect punctuation marks and three missing capital letters. “what bird is always sad?” asked Heather Brian replied, “It’s the bluebird, of course”. “Name the bird that writes the best” said Heather. Brian exclaimed “it must be the penguin”! “What bird has an initial in its name”? Heather asked. Brian responded, “could it be the blue jay?”

45. 5-9 Titles Make up interesting titles for these books.

46. Capitalize first, last, and important words in titles of: -books -magazines -newspapers Danger on Midnight River The Old Man and His Door The Fun Times Children of the Midnight Sun

47. 5-9 • In print, titles are written in italics. Is Tom Sawyer your favorite book? I am reading the magazine Stone Soup. • Since you cannot write in italics, always underline titles of books, newspapers, or magazines. Is Tom Sawyeryour favorite book? I am reading the magazine Stone Soup.

48. 5-9 How would you write these titles? 1. tracks in the wild Tracks in the Wild Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing 2. tales of a fourth grade nothing 3. the rooftop reporter The Rooftop Reporter 4. sports illustrated for kids Sports Illustrated for Kids 5. the real mcCoy The Real McCoy

49. 5-9 Find nine errors. Would you like to read Summer Of the Swans or The life and times of the Peanut? Maybe you’d prefer Arrow To the Sun or Orphan Train Rider. A New York Times report says that Wendy’s Bookstore has books for everyone. You can also find magazines like highlights for Children and Ranger Rick.

50. 5-1 Correct Sentences 1. have you ever been ice skating 2. you should come with me on Friday I will teach you 3. how fun it is to glide around on the ice 4. we can rent skates when we get there 5. I will pick you up at six see you then