Presentation Transcript

1. Landmark Supreme Court Cases

   By: Josselyn Sorto & Alex Benigno
2. The Supreme Court Basics
3. The Nine Justices Chief of Justice: John G. Roberts Jr. Eight Associate Justices: Antonin Scalia, Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito Elena Kagan, Clarence Thomas Anthony M. Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg
4. Supreme Court’s jurisdictional power The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in Law and Equality the court shall have appellate jurisdiction (both to law and fact)
5. What is a “writ of certiorari”? “to be informed,” order from an appellate court to a lower court to send the records for a specified case under review.
6. Brown v. Board of Education Case of 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that it was unconstitutional to have segregation in public schools. In 1896 in the Plessy v. Ferguson, it was allowed to have blacks and whites separated, they called it “separate but equal.” That case was overturned by the court’s decision. Segregation creates discrimination, and a sense of inferiority on people. A girl named Linda Brown wasn’t admitted to a school because of her race, forcing her to walk a mile just to get to an all black elementary school.
7. Roe v. Wade Case of 1973, the Supreme Court invalidated a Texas law prohibiting abortion unless there was a need to save a mother’s life.
8. Free Exercise
9. R.A v. City of St. Paul A group of teenagers burned a cross on the lawn of a black family that lived across the street. The majority opinion on this case, was that the statue is in violation of the first amendment. However the statue only pertains to fighting words. There is a big significance of this case, because action is still subject of prosecution. According to the article read, the case found that this statue was unconstitutional because it discriminated basis of content.
10. Wisconsin v. Yoder In this case, three Amish families claimed that their right to freely exercising their religion wasn’t respected. They sued the state of Wisconsin due to the fact that it required children to get enrolled in school until they reached the age of 16. Parents later removed kids from school because their religion wasn’t respected. The court favored the Amish parents because Wisconsin’s law violated the right to free exercise of religion. This has big significance because the Court’s decision prevented other states from institute of compulsive high school education.
11. Church of the LukumiBabalu Aye v. City of Hialeah The Church of the LukumiBabalu Aye leased land in Hialeah, Florida. They wanted to plant a church, school and cultural center; in which in their religion it required the sacrifice of animals. The city of Hialeah was against this, and they passed several ordinance which prohibited animal sacrifice. Court unanimously invalidated the city ordinances, which outlawed animal sacrifices. Majority opinion wanted to protect public health and prevent cruelty to animals. The significance of this case was that the law must be generally applicable and neutral. There is freedom to exercise other religions.
12. Privacy
13. “Right to Privacy” in the Constitution There are four parts of the constitution that give us our rights to privacy. Those are the 1st 3rd 4th and 9th amendment. The first amendment gives us the privacy of beliefs The third amendment gives us the privacy of person and possessions the fourth amendment gives us privacy of unreasonable search and seizures the ninth amendment gives us privacy of ways not specifically provided in eight amendment
14. Griswold v. Connecticut It was a landmark case in which the supreme court finalized the right to privacy. This cased involved the prohibition of the use of contraceptives and brought up the issue that a person was allowed control of his or her body. The supreme court was at a 7-2 ratio in favor of justifying this case and allowing right to privacy. Later it was then recognized as right to martial privacy
15. Possession of Pornography In 1969 the court ruled that people were still protected in the rights of possessing pornography In other words it protected rights of privacy to allow and individual to possess and view pornography
16. Discrimination
17. Korematsu v. United States Korematsuwas an american born japanese who at the time was forced to evacuate his home due to the fact that the United States was bombed at peal harbor and in turn the country put all japanese people in camps. The supreme court ruled that they were allowed to do so in protection against espionage
18. Loving v. Virginia A black woman and Richard loving were married and at the time violated a state law the banned interracial marriage. This violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that it applied to blacks and whites and cannot be infringed by the state therefore allowing them to get married
19. Grutter v. Bollinger Barbara Grutter was a person who applied to a law school but was denied as the school used race as a factor of admission. What this questioned was that did they have a right to use race as a factor and if it violated certain amendments. The Supreme court then held equal protection does not prohibit law schools tailored used of race therefore was unconstitutional.
20. What impacts us the most today? We feel that the cases having to do with privacy effects us the most today because the average American has a home, a job, and kids. With that comes expenses and finances that today, has been a major issue considering that there have many privacy violations with people. Along with that was privacy in ones own home as well as privacy of ones own body. These issues are ones that effects every day people and it was good for the supreme court to lay down guidelines and limits as well as specific statements so that there would be no infringement of any kind having to do with privacy.
21. Webs Cited Slides (3-7) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_US_2010.jpg (picture) http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/briefoverview.aspx http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/supreme_court/supreme_court.cfm Slides (9-11) http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/court/ Slides (13-15) http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/rightofprivacy.html http://www.streetlaw.org/en/landmark/cases/roe_v_wade Slides (17-20) http://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1949/1944/1944_22 http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1966/1966_395 http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2002/2002_02_241/