Colorful Personalities

1. By ChelseyProvencher and Lauren Hoover Colorful Personalities

2. Our Project • We wanted to see if there is a correlation between the meaning behind a person’s favorite color and aspects of a person’s personality. • We also wanted to see if there was a relationship between a person’s favorite color and GPA, SPORTS, BIRTHDAY, AGE, and GENDER

3. Data Collection • To collect data we made a personality survey on www.surveymonkey.com • This survey asked the survey takers gender, age, birthday, GPA, whether or not they play a sport, whether they are quiet or outgoing, how willing they are to put others before themselves (scale of 1-4, 1 being least likely), and to pick three personality attributes • This survey was posted on www.facebook.com

4. Procedure • We had 202 subjects respond to our survey, and after collecting all of our data, we randomly selected one data set using a random number generator on a calculator and used every other one after that. • To get the conditions of our tests to work, we combined certain categories. (Orange-Yellow, Pink-Red, Black-Purple) • Then we chose to conduct 3 Chi Squared tests and 1 t-test that worked with our data

5. Tests and Intervals • Chi Squared Test of Independence (3 times) • Gender vs. Color • Sociability vs. Color • Sports vs. Color • 1 Sample t-Test • GPA

6. Color Meaning • Color meaning or color symbolism is the use of color to represent traditional, cultural, or religious ideas, concepts or feelings 0r to evoke physical reactions. • Colors can say something without using words. Red => Danger Blue => Loyalty Black => Death Green => Growth Yellow => Caution White => Peace

7. Color Meaning • Pink: • Love and romance, caring, tenderness, acceptance and calm. Red: • Excitement, energy, passion, love, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, aggression, danger, fire, blood, war, violence, all things intense and passionate • Orange: • Energy, balance, enthusiasm, warmth, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant, demanding of attention • Yellow: • Joy, happiness, betrayal, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer, gold, philosophy, dishonesty, cowardice, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard and friendship. • Green: • Nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, spring, generosity, fertility, jealousy, inexperience, envy, misfortune, vigor

8. Color Meaning (cont.) • Blue: • Peace, tranquility, cold, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence, conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, loyalty, sky, water, technology, depression, appetite suppressant. • Purple: • Royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment, cruelty, arrogance, mourning. • White: • Reverence, purity, birth, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence, youth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage, death, cold, clinical. • Black: • Power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, evil, unhappiness, depth, style, evil, sadness, remorse, anger, anonymity, underground, good technical color, mourning, death • Brown: • Earth, stability, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, simplicity, and comfort.

9. Color vs. Gender • Of all teens: • 21% - Blue • 47.6% Female • 52.38% Male • 14% - Green • 42.86% Female • 57.14% Male • 26% - Purple/ Black • 76.9% Female • 23.07% Male • 25%- Red/ Pink • 80% Female • 20% Male • 14% - yellow/ Orange • 57.14% Female42.8% Male When we compared the conditional to the marginal percents, the numbers were not similar so Gender and Color are dependent on each other

10. Color vs. Gender • Our cell counts were not >5 so we had to combine the colors black and purple, red and pink and yellow and orange • They had similar meanings • In our Survey we had 64 females and 36 males

11. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Gender • State: • Categorical Data • SRS • All expected cell counts > or = 5 • Check: • Color and Gender are categorical variables • Stated random • All cell counts > or = 5 All Conditions met -> Chi Squared distribution -> Chi Squared Test of Independence

12. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Gender • Ho: There is no relationship between color and gender • HA: There is a relationship between color and gender P(X2 > 10.11/ df= 4) = .039 We reject Ho because the p-value of .039 is < alpha= .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between color and gender.

13. Color vs. Sociability • Of all teens: • 21% - Blue • 80.9% Outgoing • 19.0% Quiet • 14% - Green • 0.0% Outgoing • 100% Quiet • 26% - Purple/ Black • 80.76% Outgoing • 19.23% Quiet • 25%- Red/ Pink • 68% Outgoing • 32% Quiet • 14% - yellow/ Orange • 64.28% Outgoing35.71% Quiet When we compared the conditional to the marginal percents, the numbers were not similar so Sociability and Color are dependent on each other

14. Color vs. Sociability • We asked people to either describe themselves as outgoing or quiet • And we wanted to see if there was a relationship between color and their sociability

15. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Sociability • State: • Categorical Data • SRS • All expected cell counts > or = 5 • Check: • Color and Sociability are categorical variables • Stated random • All cell counts > or = 5 All Conditions met -> Chi Squared distribution -> Chi Squared Test of Independence

16. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Sociability • Ho: There is no relationship between color and sociability • HA: There is a relationship between color and sociability • We reject Ho because the p-value of .00001 is < alpha= .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between color and sociability. P(X2 >30.86/ df= 4) = <.00001

17. Color vs. Sports • Of all teens: • 21% - Blue • 38.09% No • 61.90% Yes • 14% - Green • 42.86% No • 57.14% Yes • 26% - Purple/ Black • 46.15% No • 53.84% Yes • 25%- Red/ Pink • 52% No • 48% Yes • 14% - Yellow/ Orange • 64.29% No35.71% yes When we compared the conditional to the marginal percents, the numbers were similar so Sports and Color are independent on each other.

18. Color vs. Sports • We wanted to see if playing a sport influenced your favorite color

19. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Sports • State: • Categorical Data • SRS • All expected cell counts > or = 5 • Check: • Color and Sports are categorical variables • Stated random • All cell counts > or = 5 All Conditions met -> Chi Squared distribution -> Chi Squared Test of Independence

20. Chi Squared Test of Independence between Color and Sports • Ho: There is no relationship between color and sociability • HA: There is a relationship between color and sociability • We fail to reject Ho because the p-value of .62 is > alpha= .05. We have sufficient evidence that there is not a relationship between color and sociability. P(X2 >2.657/ df= 4) = .62

21. GPA • Shape: Unimodal, left skewed • Center: Median 3.8 • Spread: IQR .35

22. 1 Sample T-Test on GPA • CHECK • Assumed • Population of Highschool students > 1000 • 100> 30 • STATE • SRS • Pop > 10n • Normal population or n > 30 All conditions met – Student’s T distribution – 1 Sample T Test

23. 1 Sample T-Test on GPA • We reject Ho because the p-value of .00001 is < alpha= .05. We have sufficient evidence that the mean GPA of high school students is not equal to 3.27. = 9.471 P(t not=9.471/ df= 99) = <.00001

24. Application of Findings • After analyzing our data and conducting our tests… we concluded that … • Female teenagers are more likely to favor the colors: Purple/ Black, Red/ Pink and Yellow/ Orange • Male teenagers favor the color Green • And the color blue was equally favored between females and males • Therefore, color is Dependent on Gender • Color is dependent on Sociability • But Color is independent of if they play a sport

25. Bias/ Error • We posted our survey on different college groups on facebook. We could have posted it on other websites as well to get a greater sample • We had to group some of the favored colors to satisfy conditions • We had 64 females and 34 males, it would have been better if we had more male subjects

26. Conclusions • Our results matched our predictions that Color would be dependent on Gender and we were surprised to find that Color was also dependent on your Sociability. It is possible that more outgoing people pick brighter colors? • We had also predicted that Sports would not have an association with color • We were also hoping to relate Zodiac signs to color, but we couldn’t make the conditions check out  it would have been better if we had a larger sample.