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Sociology Chapter 1: The Sociological Point of View

Sociology Chapter 1: The Sociological Point of View. Section 1 is going to be your responsibility. Please read it. Sociology develops in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries. Immediate Cause can be traced to the Industrial Revolution. Why do you think this is so?. Auguste Comte.

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Sociology Chapter 1: The Sociological Point of View

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  1. SociologyChapter 1: The Sociological Point of View Section 1 is going to be your responsibility. Please read it.

  2. Sociology develops in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. • Immediate Cause can be traced to the Industrial Revolution. • Why do you think this is so?

  3. Auguste Comte B. 1798 D. 1857 Founder of Sociology 1st to use term “Sociology” Concerned with effects of French Revolution Believer in scientific method 2 basic problems: order and change Social Statics Social Dynamics Practiced cerebral hygiene

  4. Karl Marx B. 1818 D. 1883 Felt society was influenced by the economy 2 groups in society: Bourgeoisie Proletariat Focused on class conflict Sociologist-king Sociologists should work to improve society

  5. Herbert Spencer B. 1820 D. 1903 Influenced by Charles Darwin Saw society as an organism Individuals were the cells Developed Social Darwinsim Applies Darwin to society Believer in cerebral hygiene

  6. Emile Durkheim B. 1858 D. 1917 Scientific method Focus was on problem of social order Saw society as set of interdependent parts that maintain order Each part has a function Only study observable aspects

  7. Max Weber B. 1864 D. 1917 Interest was groups within society Tried to uncover why people do what they do in a group Developed concepts of verstehen and ideal type

  8. Theoretical Perspectives • A set of specific ideas about social life • Three perspectives in sociology: • Functionalist • Conflict • Interactionist

  9. Functionalist Perspective • Based on the work of Comte, Durkheim and Spencer • Society is based on parts that work together to maintain order • MOST people agree on what is best for society • Manifest Function • Latent Function • Functionalists are interested in topics such as the functioning of the family and education within society

  10. Conflict Perspective • Based on the work of Karl Marx • Competition and change • Social conflict is based on competition for scarce resources • Social conflict leads to social change • Interests include how those in power maintain it

  11. Interactionist Perspective • Based on the work of Max Weber • Main focus is on how people interact within society • Symbolic interaction • How people use symbols when interacting • Topics of interest include child development and mate selection

  12. Sociological Imagination • Developed by C. Wright Mills • Ability to see the world though another’s eyes

  13. Research Methods • 4 Broad Categories: • Surveys • Experiments • Observational Studies • Analysis of existing sources

  14. Questionnaire • Can be either mailed or in person • List of questions/statements people respond to • Can be sent through mail • Advantages • Reach large #'s of people • Disadvantages • Rely only on survey answers • What if the question was not read correctly?

  15. Interview • People respond orally to questions • Can be done in person or over phone Advantages • Can tell if question is understood • Can ask for clarification Disadvantages Time consuming and expensive

  16. Observational Studies • Watch people in social situations • Participant Observation • Studies in which observer lives for extended periods with people being studied • Detached Observation • Studies in which observer ‘keeps his distance’

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