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U.S. Minority Literature Week 1d

U.S. Minority Literature Week 1d. Group Presentations. It’s time to sign up!. Meter Handout. Jim Crow. Who was the original Jim Crow?.

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U.S. Minority Literature Week 1d

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  1. U.S. Minority Literature Week 1d

  2. Group Presentations • It’s time to sign up!

  3. Meter Handout

  4. Jim Crow

  5. Who was the original Jim Crow? • In the 1830s and '40s, the white entertainer Thomas Dartmouth Rice performs popular song-and-dance act supposedly modeled after a slave. He names the character Jim Crow. Rice darkens his face, acts like a buffoon, and speaks with an exaggerated and distorted imitation of African American Vernacular English. • Rice was not the first white comic to perform in blackface, but he was the most popular of his time, touring both the United States and England. As a result of Rice's success, "Jim Crow" became a common stage persona for white comedians' blackface portrayals of African Americans.

  6. *After the American Civil War (1861-1865), most southern states and, later, border states passed laws that denied blacks basic human rights. *"Jim Crow" becomes shorthand for the laws, customs and etiquette that segregates and demeans African Americans primarily from the 1870s to the 1960s.

  7. “Mammy” • Racial caricature of African American women, typically enslaved:

  8. Myoldmissuspromise me, Old AuntJemima, oh! oh! oh! When she died she-d set me free, Old AuntJemima, oh! oh! oh! She lived so long her head got bald, Old AuntJemima, oh! oh! oh! She swore she would not die at all, Old AuntJemima, oh! oh! oh

  9. whitewashing history in a syrup bottle • 1960s: Quaker Oats lightens Aunt Jemima’s skin and makes her look thinner. • In 1968, company replaces her bandana with a headband, slimmer her down further, and made her look younger. • In 1989, Quaker Oats removes her headband and reveals gray curls and adds earrings and a pearl necklace.

  10. African American as border of human and animal

  11. What is Booker T. Washington’s response to Jim Crow? • What is Du Bois’s response to Washington?

  12. Atlantic Compromise 1895 • Black people will not ask for the right to vote • Black people will not retaliate against racism • Black people will tolerate segregation and discrimination • So that they will have free basic vocational education but not liberal arts education (black people would not be educated in the classics, humanities, art, or literature).

  13. Washington’s Tuskegee University (in Tuskegee, Alabama): private, historically black university that was founded on the principle of pulling “oneself up by one's bootstraps”

  14. Du Bois’s veil 1) literal darker skin of Black people, a physical demarcation of difference from whiteness. 2) white people do not have clarity to see Black people as true Americans 3) veil refers to Black people’s lack of clarity to see thesmevles outside of what white American describes and prescribes for them.

  15. Du Bois’s double consciousness 1) Double consciousness: looking at yourself through the eyes of others, measuring yourself by others. “one ever feels his two-ness; an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder” 2) Double consciousness is experienced by every African American, according to Du Bois.

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