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Apache Web Server

Learn how to install, configure, and secure Apache web server on FreeBSD, including SSL setup and virtual hosting options. Explore PHP and MySQL integration, IPv6 support, and common Apache use cases.

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Apache Web Server

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  1. Quick and Dirty Evelyn NAMARA for AfNOG 2014 (Originally by Joel Jaeggli for AfNOG 2007)‏ Apache Web Server

  2. About Apache • Apache http server project • http://httpd.apache.org • Apache foundation started to support the web server project, but now extends to a multitude of other projects.

  3. No. of websites

  4. Top Server Market share from 1995 - 2014 http://news.netcraft.com/archives/category/web-server-survey/

  5. Apache Installation on FreeBSD • Apache can be installed from Ports /usr/ports/www/apache22 • Can be installed from pkg • Or from source if one requires a more recent version than what's on FreeBSD source ports tree

  6. File System Layout / var usr etc home local Apache Binaries www etc sbin apache22 nagios rc.d apache22 apache22 Apache Config Files data icons cgi-bin error Apache web files Apache startup script

  7. Starting Apache • Startup script is/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 • Take a look in startup script/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 • Add apache22_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf • Run/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start • Restart $ sudo apachectl restart

  8. Apache features • Server Side Programming Language Support • Apache supports some common language interfaces which include Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP. It also supports a variety of popular authentication modules like mod_auth, mod_access, mod_digest and many others. • IPv6 Support • On systems where IPv6 is supported by the underlying Apache Portable Runtime library, Apache gets IPv6 listening sockets by default. • Virtual Hosting • Apache will allow one installation instance to serve multiple websites. For instance one Apache installation can serve sse.afnog.org, ws.afnog.org etc • Simplified configuration • Native Windows NT Unicode Support • More at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/new_features_2_0.html

  9. Apache SSL • Secure Socket Layer (SSL) port is 443 • SSL is important to protect communication between client browser and web-server • Requires the creation of SSL certificates and Certificate Signing Requests (CSR) • For integrity, SSL certificates are signed by a Certificate Authority’s (CA) such as Verisign • Self signed Certificates will also work but your browser will not trust it and will give a warning to users (which most don’t read) • Refer to the Creating SSL Certificate Exercise Section

  10. How SSL Works • Each SSL certificate has a Public and Private key • The Public Key is used to encrypt the information • The Public Key is accessible to everyone • The private Key is used to decipher the information • The private should be not be disclosed

  11. Role of Certificate Authority • There are a number of CA that certify certificates • Most browsers have pre-included public Keys from the CA’s • A CA certified certificate will have validation information signed by the CA’s private key • The browser will decrypt the validation information using the public key and verify that the certificate is certified by the CA • If this fails a warning is given

  12. Virtual Hosting • Apache Provides multiple options of virtual hosting and scales • Name Based virtual hosts • IP Based Virtual Hosts • Aliases • Its recommended to use name based virtual hosting over IP based hosting in virtual hosting configuration • Refer to virtual hosting Exercise section

  13. Installing PHP & Mysql • PHP and Mysql implementations have increased driven mainly by development requests • LAMP and WAMP are the most common implementations • FreeBSD = “FAMP” ? http://geekybits.blogspot.com/2007/09/creating-famp-server.html • Installation via ports and relatively straight forward • See PHP & Mysql installation exercise section

  14. Apache and IPv6 • Apache supports IPv4 and IPv6 by default • Set the listen option to port 80 will listen for both IPv4 and IPv6 • listen option with IPv4 and IPv6 specific addresses will invoke different sockets for each protocol Listen 196.200.219.xx:80 Listen [2001:43f8:0:219:196:200:219:xx]:80 • Refer to IPv6 & php test exercise

  15. Start Apache! • /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start • Check that you can access http://your.ip.add.ress in your browser • Check that you can access https://your.ip.add.ress in your browser, and that you get a certificate warning • Click on the padlock icon in your browser and check that the certificate details are correct

  16. Apache use cases • Apache is widely used to serve many content applications • Webmail, Blogs, Wiki’s, CMS etc

  17. Start Exercises

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