Unit 3 Grammar: The use of “ it ”

1. Unit 3 Grammar:The use of“it” -----By Chenghongtao

2. Read and analyze the following sentences. • S1. What is this? It is a cellphone. • S2. What is that? It is his dictionary. • S3. Whose book is this? It is Mr Cheng’s. • S4. Where is your English book? It is here. • S5. My cat is missing, I can’t find it anywhere. Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer to? Draw a conclusion: it ---词性? ______ 可以用作人称代词，代指___________________ 还可以替代指示代词_____ 或______. Pron. 前文提到的事物. this. that.

3. Read and analyze the following sentences. Date weather • It is Friday today. • It was very cold last Monday. • It is about 8:30 now. • It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi. • It lies in the south of Shaoguan city. • It is 40°C ! You got a high fever! • Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer to? • Conclusion :it 可以用作非人称代词，表示_____, _____,______,______,______,______, 等。 time distance place Temperature 日期 天气 时间 距离 温度 地点

4. Read and analyze the following sentences. • It is obvious that the water was to blame. • It is true that he will treat me for breakfast tomorrow. • It is certain that our class will do a good job in the final exam. • Is it possible that he will become the chairman of our country? • It is amazing that at my age I still look like a student! • 分析：it是______ ,句子真正的主语是——____________ 形式主语 that引导的主语从句

5. 牢记以下常用于该句型的形容词 It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certain /amazing/ridiculous等+ that从句. 思考：为什么要用it做形式主语而把真正主语放到后面去？ 遵循英语语言的尾重原则，避免句子头重脚轻。

6. 跟踪训练1：It is+ adj. + that从句 It is obvious that he has known the bad news. • 很明显他已经知道了那个坏消息。 • 真的，我一点都不喜欢她的绵羊音。（sheep voice） • 姚明篮球比易建联打得好是肯定的。 • 很有可能火箭队不能进入季后赛（playoffs） It is true that I don’t like her sheep voice at all. It is certain that Yaoming plays basketball better than Yijianlian. It is possible that Rockets can’t enter the playoffs.

7. 下面两道题有什么特别之处？ • 1.It was urgent that he _________ her immediately. A. calls B. called C. call D. would call • 2.It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school. A.  will happen  B.  happens  C.  should happen   D.  happened

8. 回顾第二单元有关虚拟语气语法

9. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形 It is strange that_______________________. 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that___________________. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 It is natural that___________________________. 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is necessary that___________________________. 有必要立即派他去北京。 he ( should ) say so he ( should ) think so a bird ( should ) rest in trees he be sent to Beijing right away

10. 对比归纳 • It is necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that从句 与 It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certain /amazing/ridiculous等+ that从句 • 最大的区别是？ 第一种结构中that后面的动词要用虚拟语气即(should)+V原，而第二种结构则使用陈述语气。

11. 跟踪训练2 • 你应该每天花些时间学英语这很重要。 • 很奇怪他今天居然带着那么多钱。 • 真是令人惊讶袁隆平经常去游泳，而且游得很快。 • 你有必要向老师征求一些意见。 It is important that you should spend some time learning English every day. It is strange that he should take so much money with him today. It is amazing that Yuanlongping often goes swimming and swims fast. It is necessary that you should ask your teacher for some advice.

12. 小结回顾：关于it做形式主语的两种句型 That从句动词使用陈述语气 • 1.It is clear /obvious /true /possible /certain /amazing/ridiculous等+ that从句 • 2.It is necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that从句 • 注意其区别 That从句动词使用虚拟语气

13. Read and analyze the following sentences. • S1.It is not easyto stop smoking. (Text, web page, line 1) • S2.It was difficultto quit. (Text, letter, line 19) • 在S1与S2中，it的作用是_________, 真正主语是_____________. • S3.It is no good crying over spilt milk. • S4.It is no use casting pearls before swine . • 在S3与S4中，it的作用是_________, 真正主语是_____________.构成如下结构： It is +no use/no good/not any good/not any use+ doing sth. 形式主语 不定式短语 形式主语 动名词短语 其含义是？？

14. 跟踪练习3： It is impossible to finish the task in an hour. • 在一个小时内完成任务是不可能的。 • 学好英语要花很长时间。 • 对我来说回答这个问题很难。 • 你没有参加这个聚会是个遗憾。 It takes long time to learn English well. It is difficult for me to answer this question. It is a pity that you did not take part in the party.

15. 小结：it 做形式主语 • It可以在句中充当形式主语，真正主语可以由______引导的主语从句充当，还可以由______以及_________短语充当。 that 不定式 动名词

16. Read and analyze the following sentences. • S1.A mouse barked like a dog and drove a cat away , so he said to his son “ I think itimportantto learn a foreign language.” • S2.We think itour dutyto clean our classroom every day. • 分析：S1与S2句型中的it是____________,真正宾语是___________. • 建议用6123结构来记忆该结构。 形式宾语 不定式短语

17. 6123结构 • We think itour dutyto clean our classroom every day. • I believe itimportantkeeping notes. • He found itdifficultthat he would finish the task in an hour. • 6---主句常用的6个动词---think, believe, make, find, consider, feel. • 1---形式宾语it • 2---紧跟在it后的宾语补足语，有两种形式，形容词或者名词。 • 3---真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语；动名词短语；that引导的宾语从句。

18. 跟踪练习4.用形式宾语造句 • don’t you think/useful/to learn a foreign language/ • we think/ necessary/to practice oral English/every day/ Don’t you think it useful to learn a foreign language? We think it necessary to practice oral English every day.

19. The students consider it no use reading aloud in the morning. • the students/ consider/no use/reading aloud/in the morning/ • he made/ certain/ she had gone abroad/ He made it certain that she had gone abroad.

20. 仿写句子 • Eg. I think it difficult that I have to get up at 4 a.m. • 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。 • We think it our duty to make our hometown more beautiful. • 她觉得对他没有什么好担心的。 I think it very strange that he goes for a walk almost every night. She thought it no good worrying about him.

21. Homework • 导航，P41 第二大题，用形式主语或形式宾语造句。