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Libya:

Libya:. The Regime and Dictatorship of Colonel Muammar Qaddafi. Phil Bergman Tyler Gallagher Gibson Hartley. Flag of Libya. http://www.olstars.com/images/flags/Big/ly.gif. Map of Libya. As seen, Libya is not a (1) landlocked state , because one of its borders is the

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Libya:

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  1. Libya: The Regime and Dictatorship of Colonel Muammar Qaddafi Phil Bergman Tyler Gallagher Gibson Hartley

  2. Flag of Libya http://www.olstars.com/images/flags/Big/ly.gif

  3. Map of Libya As seen, Libya is not a (1) landlocked state, because one of its borders is the Mediterranean Sea http://www.amanij.com/images/LIBYA-W1.gif

  4. History: Precursor • 1911 - Italy invaded coastal regions and during the era of (2) imperialism imperialized Libya • 1920-30 -  Britain and France claimed and established military administrations in the north. • 1951 - UN clears Libya as an independent country • 1963 - Central government established to rule the various provinces • MuhammedIdris al Mahdi, previous leader of resistance, takes control under new government History: Independence (Perkins 2008)

  5. History: Wealth and Leaders • 1969 - Revolutionary Command Council overthrew King Idris and Colonel Muammar Qaddafi seizes power. • Previous oil discoveries fuel economy but lead to domination of wealthy elite • January 25 – Egypt erupts in rioting • February 11 – Mubarak resigns under large pressure (Perkins 2008) History: Global Community (2011) (Sahimi 2011)

  6. History: Libya Civil Unrest • February 15 (2011) – Libyan demonstrations begin, call for democratic elections and new leader • Qaddafi responds with censorship, blocking of communications, and force. • Qaddafi offers negotiations but rebel leaders want unconditional resignation of Qaddafi. (Sahimi 2011)

  7. Muammar al-Qaddafi • http://www.tdbimg.com/files/2010/11/29/img-mg---wikileaks-gossip---gaddafi-botox_202937829260.jpg

  8. Libya: Outbreak of War • Western Rebels quickly begin to combat Qaddafi loyalists in attempt to take control. • Late February – United Nations Security Council limits travel for Qaddafi and loyalists. • March 8 – UNSC enforces embargo on all air trade regarding Libya • Resolution of 1973 – United States, France, and Britain bomb Libyan aerial armaments and maintain no-fly zone. • March 25 – NATO takes control of no-fly zone. (Sahimi 2011)

  9. Current Position and Correlation to Studies • Libya is currently caught in a (3)political conflict; that being one of issues of governance and leaders. • While there is no clear cut (4)ethnic conflict, (5)religious conflictmay be at play • Libya is overwhelmingly Muslim (97%) and Qaddafi has continually sought to expand Christian influence in Africa. (Sahimi 2011)

  10. Correlation Continued • Qaddafi’s impact: • (6)Centripedal– majority unified against the Qaddafi regime • (7)Centrifugal– civilians divided amongst loyalists and rebels • Oil debate • Many argue that the oil has lead to economic prosperity for them as a whole, however the powerful majority remain the only group to truly benefit from this resource. (Sahimi 2011)

  11. Obstacles • Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi is of questionable sanity: In a recent interview “with Christiane Amanpour on This Week, [Senator John] McCain called Qaddafi ‘insane’” (1). • Benjamin Barber, someone who worked closely with the Qaddafi Foundation has predicted “a prolonged conflict in which Qaddafi will ‘fight to the death’”(1). • Rebels in Libya have recently been criticizing NATO forces of “tardiness and indecision” in helping them overthrow Qaddafi (2). • Qaddafi has continued attacking rebel forces as recently as April 9th, 2011 (2). • As of April 4th, 2011, only 3 countries have recognized the rebel forces in Libya (2). • Qaddafi’s son, Seif al-Islam, wants to start anew with a constitutional democracy, but keep his father as a figurehead, “like the Queen of England” (2). 1. (Jerome 2011) 2. (“Libya – Protests,” 2011)

  12. Solutions • NATO forces are currently trying to help the rebels push Qaddafi out of power (2). • The United States have attempted to bomb Qaddafi into submission (2). • Qaddafi reportedly accepted a cease fire proposed by the leaders of the African Union (2). • The United States are considering imposing a no-fly zone upon Libya (1). • Rebels continue to attempt to push Qaddafi out of power themselves (2). 1. (Jerome 2011) 2. (“Libya – Protests,” 2011)

  13. Global Impacts of Libya • One impact that Libya has on the world is that it has put the world on a standstill • Many countries/people are wondering if the world should have taken the lead on [the situation in Libya] or have they just missed their chance. Attwood, 2011 http://www.lankajournal.com/2011/03/current-military-strength-of-libya/

  14. Global Impacts Cont. • Another global impact of Libya and the world is the price of oil • It shouldn’t be too big of a deal, b/c “Libya accounts for roughly 2% of global oil production and 3% of global oil exports” • Right now the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has above average levels of oil w/ 58 days of oil available (Fidelity's Market Analysis, Research and Education Group, 2011)

  15. Gloabal Oil Cont. • However, the US and other countries will still be affected • Since Egypt’s “Day of Rage” on Jan. 25, 2011, the per-barrel price of U.S. crude oil has risen to almost $98, from $85, while European crude oil prices spiked above $110, from $96 (1) • The larger problem is if more oil-rich countries have riots (Saudi Arabia/Iran) • The two of them have 20% of the world’s oil supply • Libya is running out of cash • Will try to sell oil to make up for deficits • On April 5, 2011, a tanker chartered by Vitol, the world’s largest oil trader, landed in Libya to collect 1 million barrels of oil which is worth around $126 million. (2) (1)- (Fidelity's Market Analysis, Research and Education Group, 2011) (2)- (England, 2011)

  16. Lockerbie Bombing • Another global impact of Libya is that it gives former foreign Minister MoussaKoussa, who escaped Libya and entered England on March 30, 2011, a chance to talk to Scottish prosecutors about the Lockerbie bombing • First time someone might publically admit that Muammar al-Qaddafi ordered the Lockerbie bombing of 1988 that killed 270 people on Pan Am Flight 103 (Carrell, 2011)

  17. Moussa Koussa http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201103/r743307_6101438.jpg

  18. Regional Impacts of Libya • The situation in Libya has a profound impact on other countries in the region and affect the political stability of the whole Middle East • Libya could become the first Middle Eastern country to go under a regime change (Stratfor, 2011)

  19. Regional Impacts Cont. • One situation could result in a chance for more peace in the Middle East • Another result could be a massive civil war in Libya (Stratfor, 2011) http://img.ibtimes.com/www/data/images/full/2011/02/21/67270-a-libyan-protester-uses-a-shoe-to-hit-a-crossed-out-picture-of-libyan-.jpg

  20. Regional Impacts Cont. • The largest impact of the situation in Libya, is that it could have a profound impact on the unrest brewing in other (8) nation states of the region, such as Yemen, Bahrain, Morocco, Jordan and Syria • Could put them on the path toward democracy (Stratfor, 2011)

  21. Bibliography • Attwood, C. (2011, March 22). Should foreign forces have intervened in Libya? Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/africahaveyoursay/2011/03/sh ould-foreign-forces-have-int.shtml • Carrell, S., & McGreal, C. (2011, March 31). Lockerbie bombing prosecutors target Libyan defector MoussaKoussa.Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/31/lockerbie- bombing-prosecutors-moussa-koussa • Danin, R. (2011, February 22). Libya’s Leadership Crossroads. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from Coucil on ForeignRelationswebsite: http://www.cfr.org/libya/libyas- leadership-crossroads/p24173 • England, A. (2011, April 5). Rebel-held Libya ‘running out of cash’. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/776e3732- 5fc4-11e0-a718-00144feab49a.html#axzz1J9Wj6nwM

  22. Bibliography Cont. • Fidelity’s Market Analysis, Research and Education Group. (2011, March 2). Economic Impact of Libya; Oil. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from https://guidance.fidelity.com/viewpoints/libya- impacton-oil • Jerome, D. (2011, March 7). Mounting Debate over Libya Options. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from Council on Foreign Relations website: http://www.cfr.org/libya/mounting-debate-over- libya-options/p24306 • Libya - Protests and Revolts (2011). (2011, March 4). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international /countriesandterritories/libya/index.html

  23. Bibliography Cont. • Perkins, K. J. (n.d.). Libya. In World Book (Vol. 12, pp. 267-268). 2008: Scott Fetzer Company. (Original work published 1950) • SAHIMI, M. (2011, March 31). The Attacks on Libya: Lessons for Iranians . Retrieved March 31, 2011, from Frontline website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehran bureau/2011/03/opinion-the-attacks-on-libya- lessons-for-iranians.html • Stratfor. (2011, February 22). Analyses: the Nature of Libyan Unrest and Its Regional Impact . Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://asmarino.com/news- analysis/927-analyese-the-nature-of-libyan-unrest- and-its-regional-impact-

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