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Wind Generation in New Zealand

Wind Generation in New Zealand. Kieran Devine, Doug Goodwin System Operations Transpower New Zealand Limited. Overview. New Zealand and the Power System New Zealand’s Energy Strategy The Electricity Market Wind Generation in New Zealand Wind Integration Investigations.

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Wind Generation in New Zealand

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  1. Wind Generation in New Zealand Kieran Devine, Doug Goodwin System Operations Transpower New Zealand Limited

  2. Overview • New Zealand and the Power System • New Zealand’s Energy Strategy • The Electricity Market • Wind Generation in New Zealand • Wind Integration Investigations

  3. New Zealand’s Place in the World No opportunity for interconnection Have to meet all our own electricity needs

  4. Two AC island power systems connected by an HVDC link Peak/Minimum demand North Island 4500/1680 MW (37%) South Island 2250/1300 MW (58%) Installed capacity (generation) North Island 5300 MW South Island 3400 MW Total Energy, 42,000 GWhr New Zealand power system

  5. NZ Energy Strategy (2008) • Generation will be 90% renewable by 2025 • Currently 65% renewable: 54% hydro, 8% geothermal, 3% wind • Wind is expected to be the main contributor to achieving the 90% target • No new baseload thermal (coal or gas) generating plant allowed for 10 years • Emissions trading regime has been introduced

  6. New Zealand Electricity Market • Security constrained economic dispatch • Gross pool, energy market, no capacity payments • Compulsory market, but no compulsion to offer • Locational nodal prices, no price caps • Energy and reserves co-optimised • No rights to transmission capacity

  7. Wind resource Hawkes Bay Wind Farm (225 MW) Titiokura (48 MW) Te Waka (102 MW) Te Uku (84 MW) Taharoa (100 MW) Te Apiti (91 MW) Tararua (161 MW) Te Rere Hau (48 MW) Waverley (135 MW) Mill Creek (71 MW) Motorimu (110 MW) White Hill (57 MW) West Wind (143 MW)from 2009 Project Hayes (630 MW) Kaiwera Downs (240 MW) Mahinerangi (200 MW) Mount Cass (69 MW) Existing 357MW Imminent 143MW Proposed 2014MW

  8. Transmission and Demand 3,500 50,000 45,000 3,000 40,000 2,500 35,000 30,000 2,000 length of transmission lines built (km) mid-decade electricity generation (GWh) 25,000 1,500 20,000 15,000 1,000 10,000 500 5,000 0 0 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s since 2000 length built Generated

  9. Wind in the Market • Electricity market and ancillary service market rules are based around non-intermittent generation • Wind Offers into the market for next day • Currently there is no national wind forecast • Persistence Offer within 2 hour gate closure: • Offer for next 5 minutes is current output • Wind is occasionally constrained off for system security reasons.

  10. Constrained wind generation

  11. As variable as ever

  12. Low output in first half of 2008 Hydro Inflows 38% 0f average

  13. Correlation of wind generation Correlation over 3 years, r2=0.68

  14. Correlation of wind generation Correlation over 12 months, r2=0.17

  15. Wind Generation Investigation Project (WGIP) • Four phases Wind Generation Development Scenarios Implications Possible Options Preferred options What can we do? What are the preferred options What may happen with wind generation development in NZ What will the effects be?

  16. WGIP Recommendations • Wind generation capability: • Review ancillary services cost allocations • Review ride through capability requirements • Need for tested wind farm models • Pre-dispatch processes • Incorporation of wind generation forecasts • Ability to meet large sudden unpredicted changes • Continue to monitor, currently only 3 years data

  17. Critical Unpredictability: - Market outcomes - Security Effect Variability: - Increased frequency regulation costs Lack of voltage support: - Increased costs - More transmission reactive devices Lack of frequency support: - Increased reserves costs Noticeable 100 MW 1000 MW 10000 MW Amount of wind generation

  18. Conclusions (Part 1) • Most of the potential issues are moderate in impact or will occur 5-10+ years in the future • No immediate need to limit the connection of wind generation • No defined technical upper limit to wind generation • The lack of operational experience and the initial geographic concentration of wind generation in NZ places limitations on the analysis carried out

  19. Conclusions (Part 2) • Main issues for immediate further attention arise from effect of variability on pre-dispatch processes • Technical capability of wind generation much improved over last few years • Some areas for standards and code changes: • Ride through capability • Effect of variability and capability on ancillary services requirements • Other issues are less urgent and may be dealt with by normal regulator processes used to develop codes.

  20. Thanks for your attention

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