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NDIIPP Partners Meeting, June 2009 Carl Fleischhauer cfle@loc Michael Stelmach mste@loc

Federal Digitization Moving to Common Guidelines The U.S. Federal Agencies Digitization Initiative http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/. NDIIPP Partners Meeting, June 2009 Carl Fleischhauer cfle@loc.gov Michael Stelmach mste@loc.gov Library of Congress Washington, DC.

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NDIIPP Partners Meeting, June 2009 Carl Fleischhauer cfle@loc Michael Stelmach mste@loc

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  1. Federal DigitizationMoving to Common GuidelinesThe U.S. Federal Agencies Digitization Initiativehttp://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/ NDIIPP Partners Meeting, June 2009 Carl Fleischhauer cfle@loc.gov Michael Stelmach mste@loc.gov Library of Congress Washington, DC

  2. http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/

  3. Participating agencies . . .

  4. http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/stillimages/

  5. Advisory Board

  6. http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/audio-visual/

  7. Selected use case objectives for master images • Digitizing organization (or successor/ receiving agency with an archiving mission) sustains the master (or migrated copies) for the long-term without loss of essential features.

  8. Selected use case objectives for master images • Digitizing organization uses master to produce derivative images for use cases like these: (1) end-user-access interface (2) other patron uses as listed (3) OCR or other text-creation process (4) document the condition of the original item

  9. Selected use case objectives for derivative (service) images • Publisher uses image to illustrate a book. • Publisher uses image to illustrate a large poster. • Exhibit designer uses image for display "mural." • Broadcaster uses image in high-definition television program, zooming in for Ken Burns effect.

  10. Selected use case objectives for derivative (service) images • Patron sees inline image or image set in interface. Some view the complete work, a virtual replica. • Patron prints images. Some require print-on-demand copy of complete work, a physical replica. • Patron is confident that the content received is an authentic reproduction, also receives information on restrictions. • Patron downloads a derivative image and, later, uses embedded metadata to identify content and determined technical provenance.

  11. Plan to move from specifications with these factors• color/monochromatic• pixel density (good old “dpi”)• bit depth• . . . usually output-referred To specifications with these factors

  12. Working document from the National Library of the Netherlands. Three columns, three categories. Specifications in the various rows.

  13. Tools to Support Image Performance Measurement • Digital Image Conformance Evaluation (DICE) System • Device Target – Imaging Device Performance • Object Target – Actual Image Quality • Software for Evaluation/Validation • Based in LabVIEW • Data export for use in SQC/SPC

  14. Device and Object Targets Object target as positioned for use Thanks to OCLC for help with this part of the effort.

  15. DICE Software – Main Panel

  16. DICE – QC Summary Panel

  17. Beyond performance measurement • Embedding metadata • TIFF header specification online now • Future: exploration of XMP

  18. Beyond performance measurement • Other “gaps” in prior guidelines to be investigated • Image Sharpening • Quality Management • Image Specification Metric Aims and Limits • Foldouts and Inserts in Bound Materials • Color Encoding Accuracy • Color Space Encoding • Selection Criteria for Master Image File Format

  19. Working draft pertaining to quality assurance and quality control Work in progress at the National Archives and Records Administration

  20. Audio-visual effort: recorded sound • Compile guidelines for recorded sound Work in progress

  21. Audio-visual effort: recorded sound

  22. Audio-visual effort: video • While we wait for agencies to gain experience . . . • Exploration of “target formats”

  23. Library of CongressPackard Campus, Culpeper National Archives, College Park Smithsonian Institution Archives

  24. Lossless compressed • Each frame is a JPEG 2000 image • Lossless (reversible) transform • Produced by the SAMMA device

  25. What about film? • Most activity is service to outside customers, usually television documentary makers • Addressed by making a video copy, often still standard definition, understood to be an imperfect solution

  26. Most active high-resolution film scanning program: NASA Johnson Space Center

  27. Please review our work and pass along your comments: http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/contact/

  28. One of the subcategories T.3. Documents with poor legibility or diffuse characters, e.g., carbon copies, Thermofax/Verifax, etc.; manuscripts or printed/typed pages with handwritten annotations or other markings; items with low inherent contrast, staining, fading, printed halftone illustrations, or included photographs.

  29. One of the subcategories Valuation: determined by curator or end users to have informational and artifactual value, but not requiring color reproduction.

  30. From this document: http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/stillimages/documents/Digital_Imaging_Framework.pdf

  31. Image recommendation in 2004 guidelines from NARA • 8-bit grayscale mode - adjust scan resolution to produce a QI of 8 for smallest significant character • or • 8-bit grayscale mode - 400 ppi for documents with smallest significant character of 1.0 mm or larger • NOTE: Regardless of approach used, adjust scan resolution to produce a minimum pixel measurement across the long dimension of 4,000 lines for 8-bit files

  32. Uncompressed video • Stanford, Rutgers • 4:2:2 or 4:4:4, 10-bit SDI stream • About 100 GB per content-hour • Another source reported 70 GB for 8-bit video Rutgers spec: http://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/collab/ref/dos_avwg_video_obj_standard.pdf

  33. The Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision Lossy compressed: MPEG-2 @ 50 mbps and 30 mbps (news)

  34. SONY IMX, MPEG-2 @ 50 mbps From: http://www.edithouse.com.au/information/imx.html • MPEG-2, all I-frames, 50 mbps • File size about 28 GB/hour • MPEG-4 (ITU-T H.263 and H.264) may come to play a bigger role as high-resolution increases

  35. Lossless compressed

  36. Audio-visual effort: video • Video reformatting target format • Federal Agencies Working Group planned action: Documentation of MXF wrapping JPEG 2000 and uncompressed video

  37. Emerging encoding preferences • For high value, uncompressed or lossless compressed is very attractive. • For second-rank content, some make a good case for modest-but-lossy compressed.

  38. Audio-visual effort: recorded sound • System performance testing • Considering IASA TC04 pass-fail specifications • Appropriate, affordable equipment for tone generation not at hand

  39. Audio-visual effort: video • Target encoding options • Uncompressed • Lossy compressed • Lossless compressed • File wrapper options • MXF • AVI, QuickTime, other

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