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DISPLAYING PROTOTYPE AIRCRAFT

DISPLAYING PROTOTYPE AIRCRAFT. Oslo, 8 FEB 2013 Dr. Dieter Reisinger. Background Information. Workshop 2011. 5th European Flight Test Safety Workshop in Salzburg, Austria, November 2011 Theme : “ Displaying Prototype Aircraft – Risks and Preparation ” Dedicated speakers and audience.

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DISPLAYING PROTOTYPE AIRCRAFT

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  1. DISPLAYING PROTOTYPE AIRCRAFT Oslo, 8 FEB 2013 Dr. Dieter Reisinger

  2. Background Information Workshop 2011 • 5th European Flight Test Safety Workshop in Salzburg, Austria, November 2011 • Theme: “Displaying Prototype Aircraft – Risks and Preparation” • Dedicated speakers and audience

  3. GOAL Goal of today´s presentation • Summarize Salzburg Workshop Results • Share LESSONS LEARNED • Motivate to take next steps (“Safety Initiatives”) https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/displayflying_norway

  4. Introduction Early in ourdiscussions an online surveywayslaunchedanditbecame evident • Thatcertainissues in productdemoflyingare NOT limited tooneorganisationorthe individual pilot • Rather, theseissuesaresimilaracrossourindustry!

  5. Challenges to Flight Test Demonstration Flying • Marketing/Sales Pressures interventions • Prototype development programme • Test pilot ego vs‘Critical’ Peer Pressure vs Test Pilot ‘Image’. • Limited preparation time • Lack of continuation training • “Edge of Envelope–Operation”

  6. Grob SPn Prototype Grob SPn

  7. SPn Accident

  8. Gérard Guillaumaud (1964-2006)

  9. „AirshowAccidentStatistics – SomeCruel Facts“ Accident Statistics

  10. 10 Year Average = 27 per annum! Sample Size = 266 (Source: Des Barker)

  11. Airshow Organiser: Fatalities (1908 to 2010) 1000 vs 1421 = 2421 Sample Size = 2421 (Source: Des Barker)

  12. Airshow Accident Categories: 1908 to 2011 27% Non-Human Factors Related 71% Human Factors Related Sample Size = 810 (Source: Des Barker)

  13. „DISPLAY AND DISPLAY ARE NOT ONE AND THE SAME!“ Lesson #1

  14. Isthis a productdemonstration? Foto: Werner Horvath

  15. Lesson 1 Isthis a productdemonstration? Source: Ricardo Traven

  16. Lesson 1 Is this a product demonstration? Isthis a productdemonstration? Source: Internet

  17. Lesson 1 Fligh#9/#10: Fly-byof Solar Impulse on 22.09.2010, Swiss Government in Bern Source: Ricardo Traven

  18. Barnstormers entertain and excite us with their daring flying skills (“inverted ribbon cut at night”) Military teams are intended to motivate and recruit the public through disciplined flying Domestic airshows (Flying Displays) are primarily for the aircraft to be enjoyed and viewed by the public Product demonstrations are intended to show the unique capabilities of the aircraft to educated observers and potential customers Lesson #1 Display and Display are not the same Source: Ricardo Traven

  19. Lesson #1 Therefore, when planning your display – ask what will be the philosophy or the spirit of your display? Source: Dieter Thomas

  20. Accident Analysis shows: Lesson #1 ACCIDENTS HAPPEN WHEN PILOTS CROSS THE LINE! STAY IN YOUR AREA OF EXPERTISE UNLESS YOU ARE FULLY PREPARED! 12 JUNE 1989 MIKOYAN MiG-29 PARIS, FRANCE 20

  21. „PRODUCT DEMO – USE A FLIGHT TEST APPROACH!“ Lesson #2

  22. Lesson #2 • It is Team work: • Design office • Flight Test Engineer • Mechanics • Test Pilot • It is a step by stepprocess • Computation/ Simulation • Analyse • FT Program: objectives vs. Time • Plan • A/C Tech check / Control • Fly • Monitor & Record • Debrief – Analyse- Document - Train

  23. 2 3 1 4 6000 600 5000 4000 5000 5000 480 3000 (KCAS) Airspeed Increasing 360 2000 4000 Weight 240 240 1000 280 120 3000 Airspeed At Pull 0 320 0 20 40 60 80 100 2000 400 500 200 300 600 400 0 1 2 3 4 5 (KCAS) 4000 350 300 Altitude 270 (FT) 3000 2000 1000 0 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Down Range Distance (FT) 500 Altitude 400 3k ft Airspeed 4k ft At 5k ft 300 Altitude (KCAS) 200 100 0 100 0 200 300 400 500 Initial Airspeed (KCAS) Lesson #2 Source: Ricardo Traven

  24. FT Approach to Demo Flying Minimum but “stalled“ Optimum at 4g cornerspeed (Dieter Thomas)

  25. Profile Development Australian International 2003 High Show Flat ObliqueReversal Half Cuban 8 Abrupt pull/push Dirty roll 1 2 180 Heading Reversal (Pirouette) Knife edge pass 3 4 Flat ObliqueReversal Mini Pirouette Rudder roll Wind Down Turn High AOA pass High G Turn 5 6 Loaded roll Square loop 7 8 Source: Ricardo Traven

  26. Solar Impulse: Paris Air Show 2011 No wind Display RWY 03

  27. THE DEMO PILOT – SELECT THE RIGHT STUFF Lesson #3

  28. Lesson #3 Training Supervision AC /Engine/ Systems Limitations Time Stress Practice Fatigue Maturity Technical problem Airshow box Thrill Error Error Improvisation Skill Discipline Weather Conditions Experience Flight Test Commercial pressure Pride Public Populated areas Obstacles Altitude /Temp GROUND („Experton´sSafety Bubble“) Source: Patrick Experton

  29. Lesson#3 Improvisation Clumsiness Error Environmental pressure Limitations Technical defects Technical failure Reliability Rules-Limits Aircraft Pilot Skill Experience Practice Training Physical Fitness Unique capability Performance Agility SAFETY BALANCE Source: Patrick Experton

  30. Lesson #3 • Integrity • Mature • Discipline • Self confident • Humble • Interested for right reasons (”no place for undernourished egos!”) Did I miss pilot skills? Ofcourseyou need pilot skillsbut the above mentionedare a big part ofthat! Source: Fredrik Müchler

  31. Lesson#3 • Five mistakes of (an honest) demo pilot: • I had allowed myself to fly a display I had not practised. • I was angryand not properlyconcentrated on what I was doing. • I brought myself into a competitive situation. • I had forced too many difficult manoeuvres into a far too tight schedule. • I flew an extra manoeuvre, not planned, in a rush and inaccurately.

  32. „REPEATABILITY IS SAFETY!“ Lesson #4

  33. Lesson #4 • Yoursequence must be repeatable over and over again, if not - practicemore or loweryour ambitions. • Everyonecan make a strike in bowling butonly the professionalwill make it over and over again – • Make sure youare a professional!

  34. „DIFFICULT IS NOT NECESSARILY IMPRESSIVE!“ Lesson #5

  35. Lesson #5 • Difficult is not necessarily impressive! • HELICOPTER DEMOS: Don´t copy fixed-wing: they do wing-overs, helicopters do torque-turns

  36. Lesson #5 • What is special about this aircraft and how can I show off its qualities? • How will the manoeuvres will be seen from the crowd line? • Avoid maneuvers with complex entry parameter combinations - they lead to large quality (and safety margin) scatter • Backflip variables: Height, aft stick input • ½ rev cuban 8 variables: Height, attitude, collective, pause after roll, cyclic.. etc. etc. • If the constraints are too restrictive then don’t show the manoeuvre (Panther Loop: 135 to140kt, BO105 Loop: -30kt to +140kt)

  37. Lesson #5 • Loop • Easy • Repeatable • Low structural loads • Air-air relevance (escape) • Barrel Roll • Often falsely chosen as first aerobatic manoeuvre • Clumsy compared to fixed-wing • “Like an old lady falling down stairs” • Most scatter of results • High structural loads • Rotor head change !!

  38. Lesson #5 • Back Flip • Easy • Spectacular • Repeatable • Low structural loads • Wing Over and Rev Half Cuban 8 • Seems simple • “Everyone can do one” • Energy absolutely critical • Many accidents e.g. Lynx Poland

  39. Lesson #1 „Display and Display are not oneandthe same! – NEVER CROSS THE LINE!“ Lesson#2 „Product Demo – Use A Flight Test Approach!“ Lesson#3 „Youneedtherightstuff“ Lesson#4 „Repeatabilityissafety!“ Lesson#5 „Difficult is not necessarily impressive“ Summary – LessonsLearned

  40. PROPOSE THREE SAFETY INITIATIVES Next Steps - Safety Initiatives

  41. 1 „Create an Air Display Flying Handbook forProduct Demonstration Flying“ Safety Initiative #1

  42. Safety Initiative #1 • Share andconserveknowledgeforfuturegenerations – testpilotsbydefinition not literatedisplaypilots! • Draftversionpresentlyreviewedbytaskforce • Approvalrequired

  43. Safety Initiative #1 • What guidelines should the demonstration pilot consider in best exhibiting the air vehicle to a prospective customer? • What attributes are required to be a successful flight test demonstration pilot? • What are the requirements for the selection of demonstration pilots? • What are the demonstration pilot´s responsibilities toward the company? • What are the roles and responsibilities of management?

  44. 2 „Create an AccidentandIncident Database“ Safety Initiative #2

  45. Safety Initiative #2

  46. Safety Initiative #2

  47. Safety Initiative #2

  48. Safety Initiative #2 Would you be willing to share demonstration incidents? NO YES

  49. Safety Initiative #2 • Where should such a database be hosted? • 2. Who should be analyzing accidents and incidents? • 3. Which taxonomy should be used? • 4. What should be the goal of doing that work?

  50. 3 „Keep an eye on thistopic in futureworkshops!“ Safety Initiative #3

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