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Public Policy

Public Policy. Graham [Ch 8 in Wiarda]. 4 elements. process complexity & sectors cross-national central state. Graham’s study. role of state in “late modernizers” 15 yr study of devlpt program adminstration Intergovernment management experience Mex, Portugal, Romania (+Braz & FYR)

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Public Policy

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  1. Public Policy Graham [Ch 8 in Wiarda]

  2. 4 elements • process • complexity & sectors • cross-national • central state

  3. Graham’s study • role of state in “late modernizers” • 15 yr study of devlpt program adminstration • Intergovernment management experience • Mex, Portugal, Romania (+Braz & FYR) • Note demands on time for interviews • 311 semi-structured & exploratory

  4. Focus • Functional field systems • Integrated prefectural systems • Unintegrated prefectural systems

  5. Systems • FFS: extensive decentralization • FYR, Brazil, US • IPS: prefect reports to centre • CommE.Eur, pre 74 Portugal • UPS: delegation to region office • Mex, post 74 Portugal

  6. Cross-culture • reliance on state in mixed & socialist • FYR devolved • Mex raionalized • Port/Rom insured local autonomy • Thousands of programs • no significant reduction of state activity

  7. Study • Focus on policy implementation • Dependent v = dev policy across time • “allocation of $ to accomplish public goals • Independent v’s • 1 econ/pol structure • 2 admin org • 3 role expectations of bureaucrats

  8. Indicators • 1 practices in allocation/ status of individuals and groups/ infor and compliance mechanisms/ authority patterns • [how to measure?] • 2 pub orgs and sub-units • 3 ideology/ soc norms/ org. values/ reference group ID

  9. Questions • What resources 1966-81 • what determined policy • who was involved • what was impact • feedback • [implementation focus??!]

  10. Overcoming obstacles • Resistance to interviews • “limited anticipated results”! [182] • don’t be tied to interview guide

  11. Findings • Sub-national unit more effective unit of analysis than community • unitary/federal best predictor of program implementation differences • interesting interaction regional/fed • unbalanced devlpt • field admin best way to get at central/decentralized mix

  12. Back to basics • Massive state intervention • Scarce talent • State-socialist regimes • govt. the only sector assuming responsibility for transformation

  13. Analysis • Include all public servants • Managerial roles in implementation • Structure-function

  14. Information structure inhibition of democracy pre-occupation with status lack of senior managers in colonial Power styles

  15. Economic development • Devlpt requires innovation • Can bureaucracy modernize economy without itself becoming modern? • May pre-empt rise of entrepreneurs • Merchants harassed • Tax a system of tribute

  16. Political development • Differentiation of functions? • Premature bureaucracy? • Democracy requires separation • Modernization requires politicized bureaucracy • Decentralization one compromise

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