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IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D. IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21 ST CENTURY. Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis University at Albany, SUNY Email: DonH@albany.edu Phone: (518) 442-4668 Opening Plenary Session

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IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

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  1. by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D. IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21ST CENTURY Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis University at Albany, SUNY Email: DonH@albany.edu Phone: (518) 442-4668 Opening Plenary Session Global Realities: Intersections and Transitions 2005 Expert Summit on Immigration American Psychological Association San Antonio, Texas, February 2, 2006 Acknowledgements: Suzanne Macartney

  2. – OVERVIEW – ● Immigration & the Creation of a New American Majority ● Family Strengths & Resources ● Major Challenges & Needs ● New Child-Based Community Data for Programs, Policy, Advocacy

  3. Figure 3. Percent of U.S. Children Ages 0-17 in Specified Race/Ethnic Groups, 1980-2100 Projections for 2000-2050 were released by the Census Bureau March 18, 2004. These projections take into account the much larger Hispanic population identified in Census 2000. Projections and estimates for other years are from an earlier series released by the Census Bureau January 13, 2000, and were based on the count of Hispanics in Census 1990.

  4. Slide 4. Estimates and Projected Percent of Non-Hispanic Whites by Age 2000 and 2030 Presented by Donald J. Hernandez. Data is from the Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Issued March 18, 2004.

  5. Slide 5. Percent of Children in Immigrant Families: 1910, 1960, 1990 and 2000 4/5 Citizens Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  6. Slide 6.Percent of Children in Immigrant Families by Region of Origin, 2000 Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  7. Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Censuses 1990 and 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  8. Slide 8. Children in Immigrant and Native Families Children in Immigrant Families ● 1st generation -- foreign-born ● 2nd generation -- U.S.-born, with at least one foreign-born parent Children in Native Families ● 3rd (and later) generations -- U.S.-born, with U.S.-born parents

  9. Slide 9. Race Categories in Census 2000 ● American Indian/Alaskan (many tribes) ● Asian (countries or origin) ● Black ● Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander (Pacific countries of origin) ● White

  10. Slide 10. Hispanic Origin Categories in Census 2000 ● Mexican ● Puerto Rican -- Mainland-origin -- (child and parents born on mainland) -- Island-origin -- (child or parent(s) born in Puerto Rico) ● Other specific countries of origin

  11. Slide 11. Country of Origin and Immigrant Status in Census 2000 ● Country of birth (detailed) ● For children…parent’s country of birth available, if parents are in household ● U.S. citizenship ● No information on legal/refugee status

  12. Slide 12. Approach for Results Presented Here ● Children ages 0-17 ● Native race-ethnic groups as context ● 14 immigrant country/region groups with high poverty ● Child poverty rates ● Strengths then other Challenges

  13. Slide 13. Origins of Immigrant Groups with Especially High Child Poverty ● Mexico, Central America (Latin America) ● Haiti, Dominican Republic (Caribbean) ● Hmong, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (Indochina) ● Pakistan/Bangladesh (Indian subcontinent) ● Afghanistan, Iraq (West Asia) ● Former Soviet Union ● Africa, blacks

  14. Slide 14. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living in Official Poverty, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  15. Slide 15. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living in Official Poverty, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  16. Slide 16. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living in Basic Budget Poverty, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  17. Slide 17. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living in Basic Budget Poverty, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  18. Slide 18. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Two-Parents, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  19. Slide 19. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Two-Parents, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  20. Slide 20. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with a Grandparent, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  21. Slide 21. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with a Grandparent, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  22. Slide 22. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Four or More Siblings in the Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  23. Slide 23. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Four or More Siblings in the Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  24. Slide 24. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Other Persons, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  25. Slide 25. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Other Persons, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  26. Slide 26. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Working Fathers, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  27. Slide 27. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Working Fathers, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  28. Slide 28. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Working Mothers, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  29. Slide 29. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Working Mothers, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  30. Slide 30. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Another Worker in the Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  31. Slide 31. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Another Worker in the Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  32. Slide 32. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Father Not a H.S. Graduate, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  33. Slide 33. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father Not a H.S. Graduate, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  34. Slide 34. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Father 0-8 Years of School, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  35. Slide 35. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father 0-8 Years of School, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  36. Slide 36. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Fathers Not Working Full-Time, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  37. Slide 37. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Fathers Not Working Full-Time, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  38. Slide 38. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Father Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  39. Slide 39. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  40. Slide 40. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Who Are Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  41. Slide 41. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Who Speak English Very Well and Speak Another Language at Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  42. Slide 42. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Are Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  43. Slide 43. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Speak English Very Well, and Speak Another Language at Home, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  44. Slide 44. Percent of U.S. Children in in Native-Born Families in Linguistically Isolated Households, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  45. Slide 45. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families in Linguistically Isolated Households, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  46. Slide 46. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Are Members of Mixed-Citizen-Status Nuclear Families, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  47. Slide 47. Percent of U.S. Four-Year-Olds in Native-Born Families Enrolled in Pre-k/Nursery School, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  48. Slide 48. Percent of U.S. Four-Year-Olds in Immigrant Families Enrolled in Pre-k/Nursery School, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

  49. Slide 49. Percent of U.S. 20-24 Year-Olds, in Native-Born Families Who are High School Graduates, 2000 50% 100% Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, 1998-2002.

  50. Slide 50. Percent of U.S. 20-24 Year-Olds, in Immigrant Families Who are High School Graduates, 2000 50% 100% H.S. Grad Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, 1998-2002.

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