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I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

Lecture Eight. I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade. II.) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Guide for sea captains of Indian Ocean (first century) “Azania” – Greek ivory ironware tortoise shell coconut oil cotton cloth wheat and wine

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I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

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  1. Lecture Eight I.The Swahili coast and the Indian ocean slave trade

  2. II.) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea • Guide for sea captains of Indian Ocean (first century) • “Azania” – Greek • ivory ironware • tortoise shell coconut oil cotton cloth wheat and wine • Traders -- Living in City States (1000 AD)

  3. Dhow w/ a lateen sailMonsoons: Ap to Oct-to Arabia Nov to Mar – back“The Land of Zanj”- Persian.

  4. Ivory Chinese dishes Amber SilkTimber RiceGold ClothSlaves Arabia, India, Persia,Iraq. Dhow w/ a lateen sail

  5. III.) Golden Age 1000 AD to 1500 AD • 40 City States • Arab immigration 1050 – 1200 • intermarriage

  6. III.) Golden Age 1000 AD to 1500 AD • Portuguese arrived, 1498 • Overthrown by the Omanis - 1698 • Fort Jesus Mombasa 1593

  7. IV.) Prosperity continued. • Seyyid Said, 1839 • British advisors • Slave trade • Abolition movement begins

  8. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Abolished slave trade, 1807 • Moresby Line – (1822) From Pakistan to Mozambique

  9. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Sir John Kirk, Assistant Consul-General in Zanzibar, 1872 • Treaty with Bargash, No overseas slave trade • Gunboat diplomacy • Reopened within a year in Kilwa • All proclamations ignored: 1876, 1889, 1890. • Only slight decline in slave trade.

  10. V.) First Phase – Overseas Slave Trade • Protectorate Declared (1890) • Joint Powers Act, 1890 • Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy • From Suez to Madagascar, no trade. • Now Mombasa included in the ban.

  11. VI. Second Phase – Abolish Domestic Slave Trade • Exchange, sale, or purchase of domestic slaves on Zanzibar is prohibited. (8/1/1890) • Holding slaves still legal. • Domestic trade on the mainland legal. • 1893, Imperial British East Africa Company takes jurisdiction in the inland regions, slave trade prohibited there.

  12. VII.) THIRD PHASE – ABOLISH LEGAL STATUS, April 1, 1897 • Legal Status abolished (4/1/1897) on Zanzibar and Pemba “No rights arising out of the relationship of master and slave would be enforced by any civil or criminal court or any authority.”

  13. VIII.) FOURTH PHASE – BIRTH STATUS • All children born after 1900 in Zanzibar, Pemba, Mombasa, and Coast are free. 47,000 people freed 53,000 still slaves. • The legal status of slavery in Mombasa and the Coast was not abolished until 1907.

  14. A Very Slow, slow death • Practice of slavery continued in the coastal belt until after WWI. • Servitude in various forms continued until WWII. • Still continues today.

  15. Discussion • 1. Is the slave trade a key to understanding Africa’s underdevelopment, or must we look to other factors as more important? • 2. Why do you think the moral and philosophical implications of selling or buying persons seem to have changed so? • 3. How would you weigh cultural versus economic factors in the development of modern ideas of racial superiority/inferiority?

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