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Topic : Volcanoes

Explore the fascinating world of volcanoes, magma, and igneous rocks. Learn about the types of volcanic eruptions, distribution of volcanoes, and the role of tectonic plate movements in volcanic activity. Discover the different types of magma and how they influence volcanic behavior.

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Topic : Volcanoes

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  1. Topic : Volcanoes -

  2. What is a volcano? -Melted rock from subduction Zones and mantle plumes called Magma, rises to the surface through an opening (becoming Lava). -Igneous rocks “Born of Fire” form from cooled magma.

  3. Distribution of Volcanoes • Pacific Plate forms the “Ring of Fire” • Occur mostly at Plate Boundaries

  4. - Divergent boundaries: rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges.

  5. - Convergent Oceanic-Continental

  6. Cascade Range Volcanoes • - Convergent Oceanic-Continental Boundary. • Juan de Fuca and North American Plate

  7. - Convergent Oceanic-Oceanic.

  8. - Intraplate Volcanism: occurring in areas within the plate due to hot spots found under the continents. Ex. Yellowstone and Hawaii.

  9. Hot Spots -Hotspots are caused by a narrow stream of hot magma convecting up from a mantle plume. -Tectonic plates move slowly across a "fixed" hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet.

  10. Types of Magma Mafic Felsic Violent Eruption High Amounts of Silicates (SiO2) Viscous (cold honey) Continental crust origin Ex. Yellowstone Supervolcano More dissolved gas • Non Violent Eruption • Low Amounts of Silicates (SiO2) • Less Viscous (warm honey) • Oceanic crust origin. • Ex. Hawaii Hot Spot • Less dissolved gas

  11. Types of Magma • Basaltic magmas (MAFIC)– Divergent Boundaries and Convergent oceanic-oceanic • Andesitic magmas (INTERMEDIATE) Convergent oceanic-continental • Rhyolitic magmas (FELSIC) Varies in origin.

  12. Hawaii

  13. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/multimedia/?display=default

  14. Mount Kilauea

  15. Slow-Moving Aa Flow

  16. Pahoehoe (Ropy) Lava Flow

  17. Yellowstone Supervolcano

  18. Five miles deep and is roughly the size of Yellowstone Park.

  19. Volcano Types - Shield volcanoes - very large and mafic - Composite (or Stratovolcano) – mid sized and felsic - Cinder cones - small and mafic

  20. Cinder Cone

  21. Composite Volcano (stratovolcano)

  22. Shield Volcano

  23. Two types of igneous rock Plutonic Volcanic -Igneous Rock that cools above ground. -Smaller crystals due to faster cooling rate. -Igneous Rock that cools underground. -Larger crystals due to slower cooling rate.

  24. Types of Igneous Plutons

  25. Batholiths

  26. Sill Sills

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