Unit 6 Review: WWII

1. Unit 6 Review: WWII WWII in Pacific Holiday Gift Bag WWII in Europe American Involvement Effects 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

2. 100 Effects What was the Marshall Plan?

3. 100 Effects Post-war plan for European recovery; the U.S. would loan money to European nations to help them rebuild  helped maintain democratic governments

4. 200 Effects List three causes of growing conflict between the USSR and US at the end of WWII.

5. 200 Effects • U.S. did not share atomic weapon information with USSR • Disputes over division of Germany (French zone of occupation) • Discrepancy over free elections Stalin promised in Eastern Europe • USSR wanted harsh reparations • Stalin viewed the Marshall Plan as a way for U.S. to expand their influence

6. 300 Effects List three differences between the Nuremburg Trials and Tokyo War Crime Tribunals.

7. 300 Effects • NT happened under the UN and TWCT was under leadership of U.S. • NT included the “Big Three” victorious powers and TWCT was representatives from 11 Allied nations • TWCT had a large amount of evidence/witnesses, but lacking in NT • In NT only top-ranking Nazis were tried, but TWCT tried average soldiers • TWCT were carried out with U.S. occupation of Japan/Cold War in mind, but NT was punishment to fullest extent

8. 400 Effects List the four decisions made at the Yalta Conference.

9. 400 Effects • UN established • Division of Germany • USSR would declare war on Japan for Pacific Islands • USSR would control Poland if he allowed elections

10. 500 Effects List four provisions of the Treaty of San Francisco.

11. 500 Effects • Allied occupation of Japan • Appointment of MacArthur as Supreme Commander • Japanese-held territories were liberated • USSR was given control of two Pacific Islands • Japan was forced to pay reparations • Japanese financial assets were seized in order to finance reparations • Hirohito would remain in power, but renounce his “godlike status” • Japan was turned into a democratic state with a new constitution • Established format of war crimes tribunal

12. 100 WWII in Europe During ________, Hitler successfully invaded France and forced their government to surrender. As a result, French citizens fled to Britain during _____________.

13. 100 WWII in Europe During Operation Sickle Stroke, Hitler successfully invaded France and forced their government to surrender. As a result, French citizens fled to Britain during Operation Dynamo.

14. 200 WWII in Europe • List one similarity and one difference between Hitler’s concentration camps and Stalin’s gulags.

15. 200 WWII in Europe • Similarity: Both targeted groups that were a threat, labor, harsh conditions, high deaths • Difference: CC were more racial, Gulags were political, more Gulags

16. 300 WWII in Europe List three events that led to Italy’s surrender.

17. 300 WWII in Europe • Allies surrounded the country; continued invasion • Mussolini was overthrown • Fascism fell from power • Hitler was occupied with the Soviet Union and could not send aide

18. 400 WWII in Europe List three effects of Operation Barbarossa.

19. 400 WWII in Europe • German failure because of winter • Modernization of Soviet military • Stalin gives military commanders more control • Increased Soviet patriotism • Shift to war economy • Aide from US/UK

20. 500 WWII in Europe List the three stages of the ABC1 Plan.

21. 500 WWII in Europe • Defeating Germany is top priority = Attack in Europe first • While Stalin fights Germany in USSR, UK & US use navy/air to take N. Africa  Italy • Goal  Force an unconditional surrender • Once positions were maintained in Europe  Pacific offensive

22. 100 WWII in Pacific How did the Battle of Okinawa impact our strategy in mainland Japan?

23. 100 WWII in Pacific Made US realize that Japan would not surrender and invasion would only increase civilian and US deaths  directly contributed to Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs

24. 200 WWII in Pacific The Battle of _______ was the first American victory in the Pacific, and the Battle of ______ was important because it was the first Japanese territory America conquered.

25. 200 WWII in Pacific The Battle of Midway was the first American victory in the Pacific, and the Battle of Guadalcanal was important because it was the first Japanese territory America conquered.

26. 300 WWII in Pacific List the two generals in charge of the U.S. strategy of island hopping, as well as, the routes they took.

27. 300 WWII in Pacific • Admiral Nimitz: believed Navy should lead strategy  cut directly across Pacific (central route) • General MacArthur: believed army should lead strategy  regain Southern islands to cut off resources first (southern route)

28. 400 WWII in Pacific List the three stages of Japan’s Pacific War strategy.

29. 400 WWII in Pacific • Offensive(Extend perimeter East & South  force British out!) • Fortifications(Reinforce bases in sphere & enclose all resources needed) • Defensive(Dig in! War of Attrition = force U.S. into negotiation)

30. 500 WWII in Pacific With regards to naval strength, the Battle of ________ was the first time aircraft carriers were used to bomb each other’s navies and the Battle of ________ was the largest naval battle in history; vital to stop Japan’s oil production.

31. 500 WWII in Pacific With regards to naval strength, the Battle of Coral Sea was the first time aircraft carriers were used to bomb each other’s navies and the Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle in history; vital to stop Japan’s oil production.

32. 100 American Involvement Explain how Code Talkers were used in WWII.

33. 100 American Involvement Mostly Navajo, used in the Pacific, unbreakable code

34. 200 American Involvement List three ways average American citizens could contribute to the war effort at home.

35. 200 American Involvement • Planting victory gardens • Rationing goods necessary for the war effort • Purchasing a war bond • Enlisting in the military

36. 300 American Involvement Describe the Lend-Lease Act. Include two countries that benefited from this act.

37. 300 American Involvement 1941 US policy that allowed the government to aide any nation who was vital to US security. US loaned millions of dollars to GB, France, USSR, and China.

38. 400 American Involvement Explain how Mexican Americans and African Americans faced discrimination during WWII.

39. 400 American Involvement • Mexican Americans: increase in immigration, competition, Zoot Suit Riots • African Americas: segregated military, unequal training

40. 500 American Involvement Japanese Internment began when FDR signed _____________ and it was declared constitutional after the court case ____________.

41. 500 American Involvement Japanese Internment began when FDR signed Executive Order 9066 and it was declared constitutional after the court case Korematsu vs. US

42. 100 Holiday Gift Bag List three new technological advances that improved land warfare.

43. 100 Holiday Gift Bag • Advanced tanks (Panzer/Tiger vs. T-34) • Bazookas • Improved machine guns • Amphibious vehicles

44. 200 Holiday Gift Bag List three weaknesses of the Axis powers leading to their defeat in Europe.

45. 200 Holiday Gift Bag • Germany did not commit full resources to defeating GB so Germany had to divert resources to two fronts • USSR invasion forced war on two fronts • USSR invasion allowed US/GB to invade N.Africa • Germany assumed the US would only focus on the Pacific War • Bad military preparations – did not prepare for winter • Material shortages • Did not mobilize the homefront

46. 300 Holiday Gift Bag List three strengths of the Allied powers leading to a victory in Europe.

47. 300 Holiday Gift Bag • US/USSR shift to wartime economy • Allies military is very organized • Increased production of weapons • Mobilization of civilians; homefront • Worked as a team • More will to fight to preserve democracy

48. 400 Holiday Gift Bag List three reasons why the U.S. had the advantage in the Pacific War.

49. 400 Holiday Gift Bag • Japan was fighting on their own • U.S. had cohesion in planning (UK, USSR, China) • Japan put too many troops in China – could not withdrawal • Production only increased marginally during the war while U.S. increased dramatically • Lack of resources • Battleships only effective in close quarters (US had majority of aircraft carriers) • U.S. codebreakers discovered several planned attacks • Air tech: Lockheed Lightning

50. 500 Holiday Gift Bag List one main war criminal tried and two main criminals NOT tried for BOTH the Nuremburg Trials and Tokyo War Crime Tribunals.