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WWII. Part Two: America at War. Review: Isolation to War. Japan invades Manchuria (31) Hoover-Stimson Doctrine Ethiopia, SP CW, Rhineland, Panay (35-37) Neutrality Acts, Quarantine Speech, Ludlow Amend
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WWII Part Two: America at War
Review: Isolation to War • Japan invades Manchuria (31) Hoover-Stimson Doctrine • Ethiopia, SP CW, Rhineland, Panay (35-37) Neutrality Acts, Quarantine Speech, Ludlow Amend • Anschluss, Hitler breaks Munich, Invasion of Poland (38-39)Neutrality Act of 39 (cash and carry weapons), “Arsenal of Democracy” • Fall of France, Battle of Britain (40-41) Destroyer for Bases, Congress authorizes huge military buildup, Selective Service Act, Embargo of specific materials against Japan • FDR elected for 3rd term (begins 41); Germany invades USSR “Four Freedoms” Speech, Lend-Lease, convoy system, Atlantic Charter, Froze Japanese Assets in US, additions to Embargo against Japan, including oil
Learning Targets • I can analyze how Americans contributed to the war effort on the home front in WWII. • I can analyze the causes, conduct, and consequences of WWII. • I can explain how WWII affected US culture, politics, and economy. • I can explain how WWII changed the US government and its role in the world.
America’s War Aims • Atlantic Charter (8/41) • No aggrandizement • No territorial changes against the will of those concerned • Respect the rights of People to choose their own governments • Freedom of the Seas • 26 nations sign Atlantic Charter (1/42) • “Four Freedoms” (1/41) • Speech • Worship • From want • From fear
WWII, in General • Largest conflict in world history • Two Theaters • Europe First • Two Strategies • 41-43: N. Africa, Invasion of Italy • 44-45: Operation overlord, Invasion of W. Europe
WWII: Europe • Invasion of Poland (9/39) • Fall of France (6/40) • Hitler invades USSR (6/41) • Battle of the Atlantic, begins before US enters war • Stalingrad (8/42) • Operation Torch, N. Africa (11/42) • Invasion of Italy (9/43) • Operation Overlord (6/44) • V-E Day (5/45)
WWII, in General • Pearl Harbor (12/41) • Japan attacks Guam, Philippines • Navy dominates Pacific Theater • Battle of the Coral Sea (5/42) • Battle of Midway (6/42) • Island Hopping • Fierce Japanese Resistance • Bombs (8/45)
Mobilization of Forces • Selective Service Act expanded • 16 million men & women serve • WAC’s and Waves • African Americans • Native Americans
Mobilization of the Economy: • War Production Board • War Labor Board • Office of Price Administration • Office of Scientific Research and Development
Social Changes: Demographics • Growth of the Sunbelt States
Social Changes: Women • Labor Force • Increase in household wages • After
Social Changes: African Americans • Detroit Race Riots • A Philip Randolph • March on Washington Movement • Fair Employment Practices Committee (8802)
Social Changes: Mexican Americans • Bracero Program • Zoot Suit Riots
Social Changes: Japanese Americans • Executive Order 9066 • Korematsu v. US
At War: Diplomacy • United Nations Declaration (1/42) • The Grand Alliance • The Allies • The Big Three
At War: Diplomacy • Casablanca Conference(1/43) • “unconditional surrender” • The soft underbelly of Europe
At War: Diplomacy • Tehran Conference (9/43) • 1st for the Big Three • Agree on invasion of western Europe • Disagreements
At War: Diplomacy • Yalta Conference (2/45) • “Declaration of Liberated Europe” • UN to begin in April • Germany divided
At War: Diplomacy • Potsdam (7-8/45) • Truman, Stalin, and Clement Attlee • Disagreements • Truman’s wink
At War: The Bomb • Manhattan Project • Hiroshima & Nagasaki
The Aftermath • 45-55m. deaths, 35m. wounded, 3m. missing • 405,000 Am. deaths • Destruction of property • Holocaust • Emergence of Super Powers
The Aftermath • The division of Germany • The fate of Eastern Europe • Rise of nationalism in former colonial territories • Technology
The Aftermath • War + New Deal + continuation of both= massive government debt • Cold War