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The Respiratory System and its Components: A Comprehensive Overview

This chapter provides an in-depth explanation of the roots, components, and functions of the respiratory system, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, thorax, and diaphragm. It also explores the interdependence of the respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as the process of breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This text is written in English.

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The Respiratory System and its Components: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Chapter 10 Respiratory System

  2. ROOTS • Naso, rhino- nose • Oro- mouth • Stetho, thoraco- chest • Bronchi, broncho- bronchus • Bronchiolo- bronchiolus • Laryngo- larynx • Pharyngo- pharynx • Pleura- pleural membranes of the lungs • Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- lungs • Tracheo- trachea

  3. Components of the Respiratory System • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs • Thorax • Diaphragm

  4. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEPEND ON ONE ANOTHER

  5. BREATHING • ______________/_______________: Inhaled oxygen fills the lungs where the RBCs pick it up and bring it to the cells of the body via the pumping action of the heart. • ______________/_______________: Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide which is transported back to the lungs by the blood and exhaled from the body.

  6. Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange

  7. Capillary Beds

  8. O2 CO2 Exchange

  9. NOSE • Entrance for _____, exit for ________. • Nose and respiratory tract are lined with ____________________________ mucosa which filters out dust and foreign matter. • Nose __________ and _____________ the entering air • Mucosa has ____________ receptors for _____________. (_________________________________________) • ______________ are the openings to the airways (nostrils) • _________________ AND __________________________ vary with species • __________ has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no ______________ breathing)

  10. Gettin’ Nosey

  11. PHARYNX – (THROAT) • Communicates with the _________ chambers, __________, _______________ tubes and ____________. • Upper portion is attached to base of ________, lower portion unites with _________________. • 3 parts: ______________________(nose) _____________________(mouth) _____________________ (larynx) • Passageway for _____ and ______

  12. EUSTACHIAN TUBE(pharyngotympanic tube) Serves to equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.

  13. LARYNX • “______________”and passageway for air • Located “____________” (caudal to) pharynx • _________________Cartilaginous structure that prevents _______ from entering the ___________ during ________________. • Sound is produced by air passing through the ____________ (vocal folds & space) at the _________________ causing vibrations. • Phonation • _________= Organ in birds that produces sound

  14. BIRDS - SYRINX Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi)

  15. TRACHEA • “____________” • Tube of __________ muscle and C-shaped rings of ________________. • Rings help to prevent ____________ • Stretches from ____________ to _____________. • lined with ___________ membrane.

  16. Collapsing Trachea

  17. BRONCHI • The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become ___________ rings as they enter the _________. • Trachea divides into the • _____________ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs • site of division is called the ________________ • Lined with ______________ mucous membrane • Further divide into the ___________ bronchi which branch into • ___________(which further branch into even smaller bronchioles) • Aveolar ducts terminate into ______________________: walls composed of MANY ALVEOLI (________________, ____________________-lined spaces) • ______ and ________ are exchanged in the __________sacs • Norings in alveolar ducts, sacs, or alveoli

  18. LUNGS • Primary structures of _______________ system • Base lies on cranial surface of __________________. • Contain _______ (most species: _____ Left = cranial, caudal lobes; ____ Right = cranial, middle, caudal, accessory) • Very light and spongy consistency • Paired; contain hundreds of millions of _________ and ________________. • Function = ______________________

  19. Lobes of the Lungs

  20. LUNGS • Encased in _______________________ (a serous membrane) • Thoracic cavity lined with ____________ pleura. • Membranes reduces ______________ during respiration • Space between is _____________ cavity or ______________ space

  21. THORAX • ___________ cavity; ________ cavity • _______________ membranes divide it into right and left pleural cavities. • ______________________ • Area between the lungs • Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes

  22. MEDIASTINUM

  23. DIAPHRAGM • Thin sheet of ____________ muscle that separates the _____________ and _________________cavities. • Dome-shaped when ____________; flat when _____________________. • Attaches to ____________ vertebrae, lower ribs, and ______________. • Most important muscle of respiration • Inspiration = contracted, flattened, lowered • Expiration = relaxed, raised

  24. DIAPHRAGM

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