May 06-21: Vehicle Safety Modifications

1. Client: Senior Design Faculty Advisor: Dr. Gary Tuttle Presentation date: April 26th 2006 Team members: Joshua Bruening –EE Mei-ling Liew -EE Fei Liu -EE Brian Phillips -CprE Adams Sutanto -EE May 06-21: Vehicle Safety Modifications

2. Introductory Material Acknowledgement. Problem statement. Operating environment. Intended user(s) and intended use(s). Assumptions and limitations. End product and other deliverables Project Activity Description Present accomplishments. Future required activities. Approaches considered and one used. Project definition activities. Research activities. Design activities. Implementation activities. Testing. Any other important activities. Resources and Schedules Resources. Schedules. Closing Material Project evaluation. Commercialization. Recommendations for additional work. Lessons learned. Risk and risk management. Closing summary. Presentation Layout

3. Acknowledgements • Dr. Gary Tuttle • Senior Design Client: • Dr. Lamont • Dr. Patterson

4. List of Definitions • Convex- Surface that curves outward or bulges • Infrared- Invisible radiation wavelengths from about 750 nanometers to 1 millimeter, on the border of the microwave region • LCD- Liquid-crystal display • Ultrasonic- Acoustic frequencies above the range audible to the human ear above 20,000 Hertz

5. Problem Statement • Blind spots are created by factory mirror systems • Lack of object detection systems and blind spot eliminators on inexpensive vehicles • Need for inexpensive products which eliminate these problems

6. Solutions to Problem Statement • Determine the location of a vehicle’s blind spots and implement blind spot eliminators • Inform the vehicle’s operator when the object becomes close to the bumper

7. Operating Environment • Humidity • Wind • Dust • Extreme temperatures • Rain • Snow

8. Intended Users • Owners of low-cost vehicles • Drivers of low-cost vehicles • Passengers

9. Intended Uses • Increase vehicle safety • Alert the driver of objects near the vehicle’s bumpers • Remove blind spot from driver’s perspective

10. Project Assumptions • The end product will be simple to use for the consumer • The product will be an add-on for previously owned cars • Multiple users will take advantage of the safety additions for each vehicle • The users will be qualified drivers

11. Project Limitations • Exterior equipment must be able to handle all weather conditions • Equipment must remain operational considering wear and tear from driving • Equipment may be installed by a vehicle’s owner • The system will have to fit in the space constraints

12. Expected End Product • Operational front and rear proximity sensors • LED dashboard distance display • Adjustable blind spot eliminating convex mirror • Technical documentation and schematics

13. Project Plan Weekly Reports Design Report Peer Review Presentation Project Poster End Product Final Report IRP Presentation Other Deliverables

14. Accomplishments • Designed and built the sensor system • Designed the blind spot eliminators • Tested sensor system • Tested mirror system • Built Black Box Prototype

15. Technologies Considered • Blind spot eliminator: • Electronic rotating mirror • Advantages: • Easy for the driver to use • Undistorted image • Disadvantages: • Just moves the blind spot, doesn’t eliminate it • Requires additional motors • Requires complicated installation procedure

16. Technologies Considered • Blind spot eliminator: • Angled add-on mirror • Advantages: • Requires no additional driver effort • Undistorted Image • Disadvantages: • Doesn’t eliminate all of the blind-spot (75% only) • Difficult to install on some vehicles

17. Technologies Considered • Blind spot eliminator: • Convex or concave mirror • Advantages: • Completely eliminates the blind-spot • Inexpensive implementation • Easy installation • Requires no additional driver effort • Disadvantages: • Distorted image

18. Technologies Considered • Blind spot eliminator: • Monitor and video camera set for driver • Advantages: • Automatic notification to the driver of a vehicle in the blind spot • Complete elimination of the blind spot • Disadvantages: • Very expensive • Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)

19. Technology Used • Convex add-on mirror • Completely eliminates the blind-spot • Inexpensive implementation • Easy installation • Requires no additional driver effort • Other technologies • Expensive • Difficult to implement and/or install • Don’t completely eliminate the blind spot

20. Technology Considerations • Front and rear object detection system: • Controller with LCD screen monitor and video camera system • Advantages: • Directly see what is approaching • Disadvantages • Expensive • Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain) • Difficult to implement • Distraction to the driver

21. Technologies Considered • Front and rear object detection system: • Proximity sensor system with LED display • Advantages: • Accurate measurement of distance • Operate in all weather conditions • Durable • Affordable • Disadvantages: • Difficult installation • Difficult implementation • Possibility of malfunctioning sensors

22. Technology Used • Proximity sensor system with LED display • Accurate measurement of distance • Operate in all weather conditions • Durable • Affordable • Other technologies are: • More expensive • More difficult to install and implement • Not as reliable

23. Technologies Considered • Sensor types considered: • Inductive proximity and magneto resistive • Advantages: • Ideal for detecting any metal • Disadvantages: • Don’t detect any type of material such as fiberglass

24. Technologies Considered • Sensor types considered: • Infrared • Advantages: • Accurately measure distance • Weather resistant • Inexpensive • No programming needed • Detect all types of material • Disadvantages: • Dust and dirt can coat them and impair response

25. Technologies Considered • Sensor types considered: • Ultrasonic • Advantages: • Weather resistant • Accurately measure distance • Detect all types of material • Disadvantages: • Expensive • Require programming • Dust and dirt can coat them and impair response

26. Technology Used • Infrared • Accurately measure distance • Weather resistant • Inexpensive • No programming needed • Other types of sensors • Expensive • Can’t detect all types of material

27. Sensor Used: GP2D12 No programming needed!

28. Sensor Used: GP2D12

29. Sensor Used: GP2D12 • Detect object 10-80cm away

30. Quad Op Amp:LMC660

31. Schematic

32. Display of Proximity Sensor Unit • There will be four sets of red, yellow and green; one for each corner of the vehicle. • Circuit will be underneath

33. Status of Proximity Sensor Unit • Circuit is designed • Plan of routing through vehicle has been implemented • Prototype is built

34. Research Activities • Sensor technologies • Mirror types • Display panels

35. Design Constraints • Attachment to existing small vehicles • Shall not hinder the user’s ability to drive • Wire placement shall be unobtrusive • Sensors shall be installed inside bumpers • Equipment must be durable

36. Testing and Modification Activities • Blind Spot Mirror • How Right Angle Trig • Where Stadium Parking Lot • Results • Factory Mirrors • Driver’s Side 0 – 11.6 degrees • Passenger's Side 0 – 20.76 degrees • Convex Mirror • Driver’s Side 0 – 181 degrees • Passenger’s Side 0 – 176 degrees • Accuracy? 5 tests with different drivers

37. Testing and Modification Activities • Proximity Sensor Red LED Yellow LED Green LED

38. Estimated Resources Personal Efforts

39. Other Resources

40. Financial Resources Materials $154.00 Labor @ 10.50/hr. $8,883.00 Total $9037

41. Project Schedule

42. Project Evaluation • Research • Proximity Sensors • Blind Spot Mirrors • Documents • Project Plan • Design Report • Poster • Final report • Implementation • Proximity sensors

43. Commercialization • Installation Kit • 4 sensors • Main System Module • Cable • User manual • Cost = $85 • Selling Price = $100 • Market • Owners of low cost vehicle’s • Owners concerned with safety

44. Recommendations for Additional Work • Implementation of casing/holder for blind spot mirror • Implementation of more sophisticated sensor • Exact distance LCD display • Commercialized Unit

45. Lessons Learned • What went well • Dividing up task • What did not go well • Meeting time • Change of project scope • Team progress • What technical knowledge was gained • Proximity sensor • Blind spot mirror

46. Lessons Learned • What non-technical knowledge was gained • Project management experience • Documentation method, skills • Presentation skill • What would be done differently if the project was to be done again • Better teamwork

47. Risk and Risk Management • Anticipated Potential Risk • Parts malfunction • Part ordering delay • Loss of a member • Documentation problem • Anticipated Risk Encountered • Part ordering delay • Documentation problem • Unanticipated Risk Encountered • Ordered wrong part • Resultant changes in risk management • Bought new part • More sophisticated documentation

48. Closing Summary Problem – Additional safety improvements are currently available on more expensive new cars, but are not low enough cost to be made available on lower cost cars. Approach – Several technologies were considered for each safety addition. Each alternative was researched and compared on a pro/con basis. The technologies that we felt made the most sense were used. Solution – The safety package includes both front and back proximity sensors, as well as two convex blind spot eliminating mirrors.

49. Questions or comments?