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Gerunds & Infinitives

Explore the importance and usage of gerunds and infinitives in spoken and written English, essential for natural-sounding sentences. Learn their roles as subjects, objects, and in expressing purpose. Practice passive gerunds and infinitives for advanced proficiency.

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Gerunds & Infinitives

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  1. Gerunds & Infinitives Focus on Academic English

  2. Why study them? • Gerunds and infinitives are common features of both spoken and written English. A person who tries __________ English without __________ gerund and infinitives will produce very unnatural-sounding sentences. __________ __________ and __________ these structures fluently is important for students. • Can you decide what the blanks could contain?

  3. How to use Gerunds • As the subject of a clause (p. 301): • Getting an A is awesome. • As the object of a verb (p. 301, 307): • I love giving students A’s. • As the object of a preposition (p. 302): • I dreamed about riding a horse. • Let’s practice: p. 305, Ex. 8 • “Go” + activities (p. 309): • Let’s go shopping this weekend!

  4. How to use Infinitives • As the object of a verb (p. 313): • I hope to pass the class. • My parents expect me to call them. • As the subject or “It” + infinitive (p. 322): • To cheatis a shameful thing. • It is shameful to cheat.

  5. How to use Infinitives • To show Purpose (p. 331): • Use a dictionary (in order) to lookup new words. • Let’s practice: p. 331, Ex. 1, 2, 3 • After an Adjective (p. 333): • They were anxious to begin the test. • After a Noun: • It was a good decision to study abroad. • *Handout

  6. More Advanced!

  7. Passive Gerunds • Passive Gerund: being + past participle • I am invited to the party. • I appreciate the invitation. • I appreciate being invited to the party. • I was left behind when my friends went to a movie. • I regret that. • I regret being left behind.

  8. Let’s Practice!(refer to pp. 324-325) • I was yelled at by my boss. • I resent that. • I resent… • I was given flowers. • I was excited about that. • I was excited about…

  9. Passive Infinitives • Passive Infinitive: to be + past participle • I’m not usually complimented by Joanna. • I don’t expect it. • I don’t expect to be complimentedby Joanna. • I’m afraid that I will be bitten by a dog. • I don’t want it. • I don’t want to be bitten by a dog.

  10. Let’s Practice! • You are supposed to type your assignments. • Your assignments… • The students want more time for the test. • They think the teacher should give them more time. • The students want…

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