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Post-conflict gang v iolence

Post-conflict gang v iolence. Since 1992, gang violence in El Salvador has contributed to more deaths per annum than at some points during the war Establishment of the PNC did little to stop gang activities Majority of gang-members are young, male, and have been deported from the United States.

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Post-conflict gang v iolence

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  1. Post-conflict gang violence • Since 1992, gang violence in El Salvador has contributed to more deaths per annum than at some points during the war • Establishment of the PNC did little to stop gang activities • Majority of gang-members are young, male, and have been deported from the United States Sources: Pérez, 2004; Arana, 2005; McIlwaine, 1998

  2. American Anti-Gang Policies • Include numerous government agencies • New Congressional measures allow for deportation of suspected gang members regardless of status in America • Significant impact on gang activity in Central America • MS-13 and Mara 18 have been specifically targeted by these policies Sources: Arana, 2005; Johnson and Mahlhausen, 2005; McIlwaine, 1998

  3. Deportation to El Salvador • Deportations have massively impacted post-war security in El Salvador • Deported gang members regroup and continue gang activities in new location • Recent deportees arrive with new knowledge of movements and contacts back in the States • New deportations significantly hamper Salvadoran efforts to counter gang activities Sources: Campos-Flores and Romano, 2005; McIlwaine, 1998

  4. Super Mano Dura • Implemented 2003 and reinstated 2004 • A hard-line, “get tough” approach to gang activities in El Salvador • Heavily endorsed by the American government Sources: Arana, 2005; Home, 2007

  5. Impact of Super Mano Dura • Inconsistently applied since inception • Number of incidences of gang violence has actually increased since 2003 • Initially received human rights abuse claims • Increased co-ordination with the FBI has allowed Salvadoran anti-gang groups monitor gang movements and activities across the region Sources: Home, 2007; Pérez, 2004

  6. What Happens Next? • Anti-gang policies that aim to incriminate membership do little to stop gang activities • Initiatives aimed at preventing gang membership has proven more successful in the long-term • Better coordination regarding deportations could drastically improve anti-gang progress in El Salvador • Community-based, family-oriented initiatives in Los Angeles have successfully decreased gang violence Sources: Arana, 2005; Johnson and Muhlhauden, 2005

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