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Louis A. Cornejo Jeffrey T. Cookston San Francisco State University

Eating behaviors, a family history of divorce, and gender among college students: A five-day diary study. Louis A. Cornejo Jeffrey T. Cookston San Francisco State University. Aim of the study. Expand on the current research of the eating habits and daily functioning of college students.

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Louis A. Cornejo Jeffrey T. Cookston San Francisco State University

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  1. Eating behaviors, a family history of divorce, and gender among college students: A five-day diary study. Louis A. Cornejo Jeffrey T. Cookston San Francisco State University

  2. Aim of the study Expand on the current research of the eating habits and daily functioning of college students. Search for differences in eating habits based on family status, age, and gender. Observe if certain groups of students tend to eat healthier (consistency in meals, more produce, and less sugary drinks)

  3. Research on Eating Habits Adolescent females tend to skip breakfast. (Shaw, 1998) Skipping breakfast is associated with less healthier food choices throughout the day such eating higher calories, and less nutritious options. (A. P. Goldstone et al., 2009) When behaviors are more frequent and occur in stables contexts, there is a stronger pattern of past and future actions. (Ouellette and Wood, 1998) An unhealthy diet is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. (McClain, et al., 2009)

  4. Hypotheses Does the recollection of eating behaviors during childhood differ by family marital status? Is there a relationship between eating breakfast and the consumption of produce (fruits and vegetables) throughout the day? What is the trend of eating breakfast at home based on family marital status? Do certain students eat breakfast at home more often based on family status and gender?

  5. Method Online diary study- total span of five days Questions remained consistent Student were offered the option of receiving extra credit Length of study- one hour (about 12 mins./day)

  6. Participants Students were recruited from psychology courses at SFSU ( N = 356). The majority was female (81%) – most likely due to the general distribution of psychology students. Age ranged from 18 to 60 ( M = 21.93, SD = 4.37). 60% of students were from intact families (parents have not separated, divorced, or remarried)

  7. Results Family marital status does relate to childhood memory of the frequency of meals eaten and prepared at home. Number of produce items consumed is influenced by breakfast habits. Data of students from intact families show an increasing and consistent trend in eating breakfast at home over time. Family status plays a role in overall breakfast consumption, especially based on gender.

  8. Childhood Recollection Students from divorced families recalled and reported a lower frequency of meals prepared and eaten at home during childhood. t(257) 2.22, p = .027.

  9. Eating Breakfast and Produce Consumption Students who skipped breakfast tended to eat fewer amounts of produce. F (2, 348) = 4.07, p = .018.

  10. # of produce items on day one Does Eating Breakfast Influence Produce Consumption? Did you eat breakfast at home today?

  11. Family Background and Eating Breakfast Students from intact families tended to eat breakfast at home more often than students from divorced families over the length of five days. F (4, 348) = 2.60, p = .035.

  12. Did You Eat Breakfast at home? 0 = no 1 = yes Breakfast Trend Overtime Time (five days)

  13. Eating Breakfast, Family History and Gender Differences in the overall tendency to eat breakfast based on family status was moderated by gender. - Main effect: F (1, 344) = 5.71, p = .017. - Interaction (gender) : F (1, 344) = 9.58, p < .002.

  14. average breakfast score over five days 0 = no 1 = yes Gender Interaction Family Marital Status

  15. Conclusion Students who skip breakfast may ultimately eat fewer amounts of fruits and vegetables throughout the day. Family marital status (divorce vs. intact families) does influence the tendency for students to eat breakfast at home. When both family status and gender is included we observe significant differences (males from intact families vs. males from divorced families) We should further investigate why male students from divorced families are more likely to skip breakfast. These findings suggest the complicated nature of eating habits in relation to individual and family characteristics. Future research studies should focus on developing programs that educate college students of the importance of eating breakfast.

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